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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the smallest chemical unit of matter?
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The atom.
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Which atom has no neutrons?
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Hydrogen.
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What is an element?
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Matter that is composed of a single type of atom.
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What determines an atom's atomic number?
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The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
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Define 'isotope'.
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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Define 'valence electrons'.
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The electrons in the outermost shells of atoms.
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Define 'valence'.
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An atom's valence is either positive or negative, depending on whether it would take less energy to fill its outer shell with electrons or shed all the electrons in its outer shell.
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Define 'molecule'.
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Two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond.
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Define 'compound'.
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A molecule containing atoms of more than one element.
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Define 'covalent bond'.
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The sharing of a pair of electrons by 2 atoms.
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Define 'nonpolar covalent bond'.
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A chemical bond between atoms with similar electronegativity, which causes the electrons to spend an equal amount of time around each nucleus of the pair.
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Define 'organic compounds'.
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Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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Define 'polar covalent bond'.
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A chemical bond between 2 atoms of significantly different electronegativities, which results in their shared electrons spending more time orbiting the nucleus of the atom with greater electronegativity.
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