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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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prions
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Infectious proteins
cannot be autoclaved or flamed cause spongiform encephalopathies ingested, contaminated, and inherited all fatal no treatment |
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viruses
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non living? genetic elements/particles
obligate parasites that cannot replicate without a host cell survive outside a host cell ( capsid coat, envelope may be present metabolically inert |
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viral genomes
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use a variety of nucleic acids inside a protein shell
genome typically linear, small encode machinery for host cell subjugation |
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virus structure
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Tiny
0.02-0.3um largest viruses approx. same size as smallest cells |
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viral hosts
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all cells have viruses
host range varies influenza - humans, swine, birds variola major - humans only lambda phage - e.coli only TMV- tobacco , tomatoes |
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eukaryotes
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true nucleus
mitochondria choloroplasts glogi er ribosome 80s larger cells fungi, algae protists |
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prokaryotes
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no true nucleus
no mitochondria no cholorplasts no golgi no er ribosome 70s smaller cells archaea , bacteria |
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fungi
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molds, yeast, mushrooms
saprovores,parasites soil , water, hosts tough cell walls of chitin, sterols, acid/temp tolerant yeast or mold morphologies spores common love low solute levels |
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mold vs yeast
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molds are multicellular
yeasts unicellular, sugar loving many yeasts are dimorphic |
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animals
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protists (protozoans)
motile unicellular animals no cell wall fresh marine water or parasites |
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flat worms and round worms
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motile, multicellular animals
fresh marine water or parasites ex: round worms humans beef tapeworms |
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host responses to pathogens
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a. nonspecific (innate ) immunity
ph of tummy phagocytosis salty skin enzyme attack b. specific (acquired) immunity 1. humoral (soluble)- antibodies, cytokines 2.Cellular- B- cells , T- cells , etc. |
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anton van leeuwenhoek
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microscopes
dutch discovers bacteria, protists, sperm, etc. plaque |
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edward jenner
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smallpox
english noticed milkmaids had pock free skin developed a smallpox vaccine from cow pox lesions 1798 |
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john snow
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cholera
english father of epidemology contagion 1854 discovers transmission of cholera outbreak from water pump at broad st. |
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robert koch
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anthrax , tb
german germ theory of disease postulates nobel prize 1905 |
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louis pasteur
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disproves spontaneous regeneration
french pasteurization of wine and milk developed vaccines for anthrax, foul cholera, rabies swan neck flask |
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elie metchnikoff
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phagocytes
russian father of immunity discovered phagocytes destroy foreign bodies, nobel prize 1908 |
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fleming, chain, florey
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first antibiotic
shared nobel prize 1945 penicillin by chance, left the plate out too long noticed all around the growth nothing would grow. |
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salk , sabin
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polio vaccine
american virologist inactivated vaccine 1955 salk live vaccine 1962 sabin |
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disease
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damage to the host mediated by the infectious agent
can be caused by toxins, cell and tissue damage, nutrient deprivation, and many others |
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pathology
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study of disease and its causative infectious agents
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virulence
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a quantitative measure of the ability of an infectious agent to cause disease
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pathogenic
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potentially disease causing
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organisms that can be infectious agents
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viruses
prokaryotes- bacteria eukaryotes protists multicellular versions are usually fungi and animals plants are not infectious agents |
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molecules
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nucleic acids like rna and dna blueprint of life
proteins made from 22 amino acids structure and shape important variety of functions carbs sugars energy lipids fats variety of functions even as a toxin |
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disease causing agents
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prions- infectious proteins
viroids - naked rna infects plants viruses- alive? bacteriophage infect bacteria bacteria - gram pos and gram neg eukaryotes- fungi, protists, animals entamoeba |
