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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Staph food poisoning
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Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping
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Salmonella typhi
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Causes typhoid fever
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Trend in bacteria
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Salmonellosis is increasing --> food industry is becoming more centralized.
Typhoid fever has decreased |
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Gastrointestinal Tract
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mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
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Accessory Structures of digestive system
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teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
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Usual flora of Large intestine
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Lactobacillus, E. coli, Bacteroides, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and other Enterics
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Bacterial diseases of the mouth
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Dental Caries
-Plaque -Role of Streptococcus mutans Periodontal Disease -Chronic gum disease -Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and various anaerobic bacteria -Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis caused by Prevotella intermedia & Spirochetes |
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Incubation times of GI tract infections
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12 hrs. to 2 weeks
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Intoxication of lower digestive system
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results from ingestion of preformed bacterial toxins
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how soon do symptoms of intoxication appear after ingestion of bacterial toxins?
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1 to 48 hours after ingestion
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Infections & intoxications commonly cause these symptoms
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diarrhea, dysentery, or gastroenteritis
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Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
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Caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus
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Salmonellosis
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Numerous animal sources
A true bacterial infection 12-36 hr. incubation period Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea Serious infections seen in infants and the elderly |
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Salmonella typhi
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Causative agent of Typhoid Fever
A systemic disease from the onset Incubation period → two weeks Fever, malaise, and characteristic rash May localize in the gallbladder Found only in humans |
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Bacillary Dysentery
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Caused by Shigella spp.
Blood and mucous in stool Abdominal cramps, fever Found in humans only Four species, closely related to E. coli Sh. dysenteriae Sh. flexneri (common in U.S.) Sh. boydii Sh. sonnei (most common species in the U.S.) |
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E. coli Gastroenteritis
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Caused by invasive or toxigenic strains of Escherichia coli
Epidemic diarrhea in hospital nurseries (EPEC) Traveler’s diarrhea |
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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
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Escherichia coli O157:H7
Hemorrhagic colitis Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Acquired from specific toxigenic serotypes Undercooked hamburger, apple cider, and many other foodstuffs |
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Yersinia enteritis
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Caused by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Y. enterocolitica in the U.S. Many animal sources Intestinal symptoms may mimic acute appendicitis |
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Cholera
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Caused by Vibrio cholerae
V. cholerae serotypes O:1 and O:139 Symptoms due to elaboration of toxin Vomiting and diarrhea lead to extreme fluid loss Mortality rate may approach 50% in outbreaks |
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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most common cause of gastroenteritis in Japan
-Associated with ingestion of raw seafood |
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Vibrio vulnificus
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gastroenteritis and wound infections
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Campylobacter Enteritis
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Campylobacter jejuni & C. coli
Leading cause of foodborne illness in U.S. Fever, cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea Numerous animal sources → poultry, beef, many other foods Associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
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Peptic Ulcer Disease
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Caused by Helicobacter pylori
Organism resides in the stomach Leading cause of duodenal and gastric ulcers May lead to gastric carcinoma Can be treated with antibiotics |
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Clostridial Food Poisoning
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Clostridium perfringens → spore-forming anaerobe
Meat and meat products |
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Bacillus cereus
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Toxin producer
Spore-forming aerobic bacillus Associated with contaminated rice dishes Nausea, vomiting |
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Viral Diseases of the Digestive System
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Mumps, Hepatitis, Viral Gastroenteritis
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Mumps: symptoms, treatment
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Inflammation of the parotid glands
Fever, pain on swallowing, orchitis may occur MMR vaccine has been very effective |
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Hepatitis: symptoms
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Inflammation of the liver
Symptoms → jaundice, loss of apetite, malaise, fever, etc. |
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Viral Gastroenteritis
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Rotavirus
Norwalk agent |
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Hepatitis A
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infectious hepatitis A
Acquired from contaminated food or water Virus is eliminated in feces Vaccine is available |
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Hepatitis B
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serum hepatitis
Transmitted by blood, contaminated syringes, saliva, sweat, breast milk, semen HBV infection is frequently serious HBSAg is most common serological test Vaccine is available |
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Hepatitis C
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Transmitted via blood
“Silent epidemic” → may incubate for 20 yrs. Before symptoms appear Results in more deaths than from AIDS Most cases eventually lead to chronic hepatitis Blood for transfusions is tested for HCV |
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Hepatitis D
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Delta hepatitis
Uses HBSAg as a coat Only seen in patients concurrently infected with HBV Progressive liver disease and higher fatality rate than present when infected with HBV alone |
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Hepatitis E
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infectious NANB hepatitis
Transmitted via fecal-oral route High mortality rate in pregnant women |
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Other Hepatitis viruses
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Types F and G ?
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Ergot Poisoning
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Claviceps purpurea
Mycotoxin on cereal grains |
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Aflatoxin Poisoning
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Aspergillus flavus
Mycotoxin on peanuts |
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Giardiasis
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Giardia lamblia
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Amoebic dysentery is caused by
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Entamoeba histolytica
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list protozoal diseases of the digestive system
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Giardiasis , Amoebic dysentery , Cryptosporidiosis , and Cyclospora diarrheal infection
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Cryptosporidiosis is caused by
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Cryptosporidium parvum
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Cyclospora diarrheal infection is caused by
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Cyclospora cayetanensis
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Types of Tapeworm Infestations
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Taenia saginata → beef tapeworm
Taenia solium → pork tapeworm |
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Hydatid disease is caused by
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Echinococcus granulosus
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latin Name for Pinworm
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Enterobius vermicularis
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latin Name for Hookworm
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Necator americanus and Ancyclostoma duodenale
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Ascariasis is caused by
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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Trichinosis is caused by
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Trichinella spiralis
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Life cycle of trichinosis
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1. adult trich spiarlis develop, invade intestinal wall of pig, and produce larvae that invade muscles.
2. Capsules encysted in pig's muscle tissue 3. Human eats undercooked pork containing cysts 4. Cyst walls are removed in human intestine, and T.spiralis adults develop. 5. Other animals are infected by eating infected meat that has been dumped. |
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Diseases of the Urinary System (list)
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Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, Glomerulonephritis, Leptospirosis
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Cystitis
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inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters
Dysuria → painful urination Pyuria → white blood cells (pus) in the urine Escherichia coli Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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Pyelonephritis
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Involvement of one or both kidneys
Escherichia coli |
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Glomerulonephritis
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Immune complex hypersensitivity
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Leptospirosis
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Occupational disease
Transmitted via infected urine Leptospira interrogans |
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Diseases of the Reproductive System
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Gonorrhea , Nongonococcal Urethritis , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease , Syphilis , Lymphogranuloma venereum
Chancroid , Bacterial Vaginosis , Genital Herpes , Genital Warts , Candidiasis , Trichomoniasis |
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Gonorrhea is caused by
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Nongonococcal Urethritis is caused by
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Chlamydia trachomatis
Genital mycoplasmas → Mycoplasma hominis & Ureaplasma urealyticum |
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is caused by
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamycia trachomatis |
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Syphilis
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Treponema pallidum
Primary, secondary, and tertiary stages Characteristic lesions → chancre & gumma Latency between stages Congenital syphilis |
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Lymphogranuloma venereum
is caused by |
Chlamydia trachomatis
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Chancroid is caused by
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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Bacterial Vaginosis is caused by
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Gardnerella vaginalis
Mobiluncus spp. |
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Genital Herpes is caused by
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Herpes simplex type 2
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Genital Warts is caused by
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Papillomavirus
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what is Candidiasis?
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a fungal infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans
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what is Trichomoniasis ?
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a protozoan infection with Trichomonas vaginalis
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How do you swab someone's throat
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place swab against back wall of throat and move up and down into the uvula area. Touch any white patches in the tonsillar area.
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