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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ANTON VAN LEEWENHOEK?
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FIRST KNOWN TO OBSERVE LIVING MICROBES IN SUSPENSION.
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WHAT WHERE THE EARLY MICROSCOPES CALLED?
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SIMPLE MICROSCOPES
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WHICH MICROSCOPE SHOWS DARK OBJECTS IN A BRIGHT FIELD?
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BRIGHTFIELD COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
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WHAT ARE THE BASIC FRAME OF THE MICROSCOPE CONSIST OF?
HINT: BSABT |
BASE
STAGE ARM BODY TUBE |
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WHAT CONTROLS THE ANGLE AND SIZE OF THE CONE OF THE LIGHT?
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IRIS DIAPHRAGM
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MONOCULAR
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ONE OCULAR LENS
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BINOCULAR
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TWO OCULAR LENSES
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THE AREA SEEN THROUGH A MICROSCOPE?
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FIELD OF VISION
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WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT LENS IN MICROBIOLOGY?
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OIL IMMERSION OR 1000X
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WHEN INCREASING MAGNIFICATION IT USUALLY REQUIRES MORE _____?
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LIGHT
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WHAT REFERS TO THE ABILITY OF LENSES TO REVEAL FINE DETAILS OR TWO POINTS DISTINCTLY SEPARATED?
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RESOLUTION OR RESOLVING POWER
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THE AMOUNT OF THE LIGHT THAT BENDS?
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REFRACTIVE INDEX
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WHAT IS THE PATH OF LIGHT THROUGH A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE?
HINT: CSOO |
CONDENSER LENS
SPECIMEN OBJECTIVE LENS OCULAR LENS |
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WHAT ARE 3 BACTERIAL SHAPES?
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COCCUS- ROUND
BACILLI-RODS SPIRILLUM- SPIRAL |
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HOW DOES INCREASED MAGNIFICATION AFFECT THE FIELD OF VISION?
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FOV DECREASES AS MAGNIFICATION INCREASES
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WHY IS IT DESIRABLE THAT MICROSCOPE OBJECTIVES BE PARFOCAL?
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TO KEEP SPECIMEN IN FOCUS WHEN MAGNIFICATION IS CHANGED
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WHAT CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT REACHING THE OCULAR LENS?
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IRIS DIAPHRAGM
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TWO WAYS OF ENHANCING THE RESOLVING POWER
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INCREASE NUMERICAL APETURE
INCREASE IRIS DIAPHRAGM |
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WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF LOW POWER OBJECTIVE?
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FOR VIEWING LARGE SPECIMENS YOUR FIELD OF VISION IS INCREASED
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WHY IS IT BETTER TO USE OIL RATHER THAN WATER IN 1000X?
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OIL HAS THE SAME REFRACTIVE INDEX AS GLASS SO OIL ACTS AS AN EXTENSION OF THE LENS.
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A MEDIUM WHOSE EXACT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IS KNOWN IS?
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CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM
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A MEDIA FOR WHICH THE EXACT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION VARIES SLIGHTLY FROM BATCH TO BATCH?
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COMPLEX MEDIA
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GLUCOSE .5g
NaCl .5g NH4H2PO4 .1g K2HPO4 .1 g MgSO4 .02g DISTILLED WATER 100ml |
CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM
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PEPTONE
BEEF EXTRACT NaCl AGAR DISTILLED WATER |
COMPLEX MEDIA
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MOST COMMONLY USED LIQUID COMPLEX MEDUIM?
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NUTRIENT BROTH
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AGAR
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AN EXTRACT THAT SOLIDIFIES NUTRIENT BROTH
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STEAM UNDER PRESSURE
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AUTOCLAVING
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PETRI PLATES
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CONTAIN SOLID MEDIA PROVIDES A LARGE SURFACE AREA FOR EXAMINATION OF COLONIES
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TURBIDITY
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CLOUDINESS OR HAZINESS
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COLONY
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POPULATION OF CELLS THAT ARISED FROM A SINGLE BACTERIAL CELL
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A COLONY THAT IS FORMED FROM A GROUP OF THE SAME MICROBES ATTACHED TO ONE ANOTHER?
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CFU
COLONY FORMING UNIT |
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WHY IS CONDENSATION ON AN AGAR UNDESIRABLE?
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IT CAUSES THE SPREADING OF COLONIES OF WATER COMES INTO CONTACT
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5 DESCRIPTIONS OF WHOLE COLONY APPEARANCE?
HINT: CRIBF |
CIRCULAR
RHIZOID IRREGULAR BICONVEX FILAMENTOUS |
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MARGIN DESCRIPTIONS (EDGE)
HINT: FLUCE |
FILAMENTOUS
LOBATE UNDULATE CURLED ENTIRE |
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4 ELEVATION DESCRIPTIONS
HINT: FUCR |
FLAT
UMBONATE CONVEX RAISED |
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PELLICLE
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FLOATING BIOFILM ON THE SURFACE IN BROTH
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FLOCCULENT
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SOFT WOOLY TEXTURE IN BROTH
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SEDIMENT
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PARTICLES AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TUBE IN BROTH
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DOES BROTH OR AGAR PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION AND WHY?
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AGAR BECAUSE YOU CAN SEE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLONIES
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WHAT ARE BACTERIA USING FOR NUTRIENTS IN NUTRIENT AGAR?
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PEPTONES AND BEEF EXTRACT
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HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE WHETHER THE TURBIDITY IN YOUR NUTRIENT BROTH TUBE WAS FROM A MIXTURE OF DIFFERENT MICROBES?
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THROUGH A SUBCULTURE FROM THE BROTH TO NUTRIENT AGAR PLATE
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WHY IS AGAR BETTER THAN GELATIN AS A SOLIDIFYING AGENT IN MEDIA?
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AGAR ONCE SOLIDIFIED CAN BE INCUBATED AT TEMP UP TO A 100 DEGREES AND STAY SOLID WHILE GELATIN WOULD LIQUEFY
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TECHNIQUE USED IN MICROBIOLOGY TO EXCLUDE CONTAMINANTS
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ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
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WHICH MEDIA PROVIDES LARGE NUMBERS OF BACTERIA IN A SMALL PLACE?
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BROTH CULTURES
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TEST TUBES CONTAINING SOLID CULTURE MEDIA PROVIDING A SOLID GROWTH SURFACE AND EASY TO STORE?
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AGAR SLANTS
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AGAR THAT IS SOLIDIFIED AT THE BOTTOM THE TEST TUBE USED TO GROW BACTERIA THAT REQUIRE LESS OXYGEN?
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AGAR DEEP
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SEMI SOLID AGAR THAT DETERMINE WHETHER A BACTERIA IS MOTILE?
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AGAR DEEP CONTAINING 0.5%-0.7% AGAR INSTEAD OF 1.5% AGAR
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WHAT ARE SOME PATTERNS OF GROWTH ON AN AGAR SLANT?
HINT: ABEFRS |
ABORESCENT (BRANCHED)
BEADED ECHINULATE (POINTED) FILIFORM (EVEN) RHIZOID (RODLIKE) SPREADING |
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WHEN IS A NEEDLE PREFERABLE FOR TRANSFERRING BACTERIA?
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WHEN INOCULATING AGAR DEEP OR SEMISOLID AGAR DEEP
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WHAT ARE TWO WAYS TO DETERMINE MOTILITY?
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WET MOUNT SLIDE
SEMISOLID AGAR DEEP |
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WHAT IS THE PRIMARY USE OF BROTH MEDIA?
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TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF GROWTH IN A BROTH PELLICLE, SEDIMENT, TURBIDITY
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PASSING A LOOP THROUGH A FLAME?
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TO STERILIZE BY HEAT
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WHY MUST YOU COOL A LOOP BEFORE TOUCHING A CULTURE?
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AVOID KILLING THE INOCULUM
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WHAT ARE TWO WAYS OF FIXING A SMEAR?
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HEAT FIX BY EVAPORATION
CHEMICALLY FIX BY DEHYDRATION |
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STAINING PROCEDURE USING ONE STAIN
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SIMPLE STAIN
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DIRECT STAIN
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SIMPLE STAIN THAT STAINS THE BACTERIA
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NEGATIVE STAIN
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SIMPLE STAIN THAT STAINS THE BACKGROUND AND LEAVES THE BACTERIA UNSTAINED
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SIMPLE STAINS ARE USED TO DETERMINE A CELLS ____, SIZE, AND ____?
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MORPHOLOGY
ARRANGEMENT |
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN TOO MUCH HEAT IS APPLIED DURING HEAT FIXING?
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YOUR SPECIMEN WILL BE DISTORTED
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WHAT STAIN CLASSIFY'S BACTERIA AS GRAM NEGATIVE OR GRAM POSITIVE?
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GRAM STAIN
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WHAT ARE THE 4 STEPS IN GRAM STAIN?
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PRIMARY STAIN CRYSTAL VIOLET
MORDANT IODINE DECOLORIZING AGENT ETHANOL SECONDARY STAIN SAFRANIN |
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WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN GRAM STAINING?
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THE RATE OF DECOLORIZING
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THOSE THAT ARE EASILY DECOLORIZED ARE CLASSIFIED AS ______?
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GRAM NEGATIVE
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THOSE THAT DECOLORIZE SLOWLY AND RETAIN A PRIMARY STAIN ARE _______?
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GRAM POSITIVE
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WHY DO BACTERIA STAIN DIFFERENTLY?
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CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DIFFERENCES IN THEIR CELL WALL
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BACTERIA THAT CONTAIN MULTIPLE LAYERS OF PEPTIDOGLYCANS
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GRAM POSITIVE
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BACTERIA THAT CONTAIN A THIN PETIDOGLYCAN SURROUNDED BY AN OUTER LAYER OF LIPOPROTEINS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES
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GRAM NEGATIVE
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WHY IS IT BETTER TO DO A GRAM STAIN ON CULTURES NO OLDER THAN 24 HRS
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WHEN BACTERIA DIE THE CELL WALLS DECRADE AND MY NOT RETAIN A PRIMARY STAIN GIVING YOU INACCURATE RESULTS
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PURE CULTURE
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A CULTURE THAT CONTAINS A SINGLE KIND OF MICROBE
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WHAT ARE 3 DILUTION METHODS COMMONLY USED FOR ISOLATING BACTERIA
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STREAK PLATE
SPREAD PLATE POUR PLATE |
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WHICH DILUTION METHOD IS BEST USED FOR ISOLATION?
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STREAK
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WHICH DILUTION METHOD IS BEST USED FOR COUNTING BACTERIA?
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SPREAD PLATE AND POUR PLATE
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HOW DO YOU CALCULATE THE TOTAL OF CFU'S IN THE SPREAD PLATE TECHNIQUE?
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TAKE THE NUMBER OF COLONIES DIVIDE IT BY DILUTION X AMT PLATED IN ml
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BACTERIA THAT REQUIRE OXYGEN
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OBLIGATE AEROBIC
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BACTERIA THAT GROWS WITH NO O2
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OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
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WHY CANT OBLIGATE ANAEROBES TOLERATE O2
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LACK CATALASE AND THE ACCUMULATION OF H2O2 IS LETHAL
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BACTERIAL THAT CANT USE O2 BUT TOLERATE IT AND USE FERMENTATION ARE
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AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
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BACTERIA THAT GROW BEST IN AN ATMOSPHERE WITH INCREASED CO2 & LOWER CONCENTRATIONS OF O2
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MICROAEROPHILES
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BACTERIA THAT ARE CAPABLE OF LIVING WITH OR WITHOUT O2
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FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES
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WHAT ARE 2 INDICATORS USED WHEN WE CULTURE ANAEROBES?
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RESAZURIN (PINK W/ O2)
METHYLENE BLUE (BLUE W/O2) |
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PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
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BACTERIA THAT CAUSE DISEASE
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A SERIES OF SCANNING LENS
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OBJECTIVE LENS
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GRAM POSITIVE MICROBES STAIN WHAT COLOR?
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PURPLE
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GRAM NEGATIVE MICROBES STAIN WHAT COLOR?
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PINK
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IF YOU SEE PURPLE COCCI AND PINK RODS IN A GRAM STAIN WHAT DO YOU CONCLUDE?
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YOU HAVE A MIXED CULTURE
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What does it mean to have sterile media?
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The media is free of microbial growth.
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Cell Morphology?
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Scientific Terms:
-Coccus = round shaped, -Bacillus = rod shaped, -Spiral = wavy shaped |
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Cell arrangement
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Diplococcus - cocci in pairs
Streptococcus - cocci in chains Bacillus - rod Streptobacillus - rods in chains Coccobacillus - oval and similar to coccus Vibrio - Comma chaped Spirochete - thin, flexible spiral Spirillium - thick, rigid spiral |
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What is a smear?
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Used to separate clusters of microbial cells to determine cell arrangement and morphology.
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Function of Mordant (Iodine solution)?
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Forms complex with crystal violet.
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Function of counterstain (safranin)?
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Stains gram-negative cells pink.
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What is the minimum temp.?
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The lowest temp at which an organism can still grow.
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Temp ranges and groups.
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*Psychrophile - -3 to 20 degrees C
*Mesophile - 20 to 40 degrees C *Thermophile - 45 to 80 degrees C *Hyperthermophile - 80 to 120 degreese C **Psychrotolerants have a broad range.** |
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Disinfectant
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Able to kill bacteria on non-living surfaces.
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Antiseptics.
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Kills bacteria on living surfaces (e.g. SKIN)
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Pathogen
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A virus, bacteria, or other microorganism that is capable of causing disease
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Epidemic
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A widespread occurence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
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Communicable diseases
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Able to be passed from person to person
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