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543 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three diseases of Staphylococcus aureus?
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Food poisoning/ toxic shock syndrome (TSS) / staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
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Food poisoning additional information
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grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
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Food poisoning Epidemiology
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oral/ in-gestion of heat-resistant entero- toxin
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Food poisoning Pathogenesis
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exotoxins inducing immune response
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Food poisoning Host response
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vomiting/ abdominal cramps/ diarrhea due to enterotoxin
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) additional information
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grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Epidemiology
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contact tampon paren-teral
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Pathogenesis
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exotoxins possible due to lysogeny
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Host Response
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fever/ vomiting/ rash/ “scalded” skin / shock
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) additional information
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grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) epidemiology
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paren-teral via wounds / hair follicle / skin glands
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Pathogenesis
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exotoxins
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Host response
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painful/ bright red flush over entire body/ blisters/ desquamation of epidermis
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Name five diseases of strepto-coccus pyogenes group A & B-hemolytic
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impetigo or pyoderma/ Erysipelas / strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis /necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” / α- hemolytic dental caries
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impetigo or pyoderma description
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pyogenic /hemolytic / enzymes e.g. streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots)
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impetigo or pyoderma epidemiology
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direct contact / droplet / paren-teral
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impetigo or pyoderma pathogenesis
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exotoxins in epidermis
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impetigo or pyoderma host response
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burning/ itching/ papules that can break/ form yellow crust
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Erysipelas description
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streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots)
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Erysipelas epidemiology
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paren-teral / invade deeper tissues
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Erysipelas pathogenesis
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toxins in dermal layer of skin
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Erysipelas host response
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edema/ reddish patches with raised margins in skin/ high fever/ chills
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis description
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streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots) capsule guard against / may be very thick
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis epidemiology
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paren-teral
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis pathogenesis
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toxins in upper respiratory tract
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis host response
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redness/ edema/ enlargement with tenderness/ painful swallowing/ fever/ headache/ nausea/ abdominal pain
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necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” epidemiology
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paren-teral small abrasions or cuts
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necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” pathogenesis
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production of various exoenzymes & exotoxins as superantigens
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necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” host response
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rapid connective tissue destruction/ life-threatening
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α- hemolytic dental caries description
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normal inhabitants of gums & teeth/ slime layers adhere tightly teeth surface
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α- hemolytic dental caries epidemiology
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oral/ normal bacterial flora
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α- hemolytic dental caries pathogenesis
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bacteria use sucrose to form plaque/ inhibiting lactic acid neutrali-zation
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α- hemolytic dental caries host response
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break down of tooth enamel/ dentin/ pulp cavity/ toothache
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Name the disease for Strepto-coccus pneumo-niae
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α- hemolytic
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Pneumo-niae description
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pairs or short chains/ large capsules
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Pneumo-niae epidemiology
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normal micro-biota of naso-pharynx/ Secretions droplet/ delicate
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Pneumo-niae pathogenesis
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mucus with bacteria aspirated into lungs of susceptible individuals/ multiply induce overwhelming inflammatory response
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Pneumo-niae host response
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chills/ shaking/ rapid breathing/ fever/ severe chest pain/ cyanosis/ cough with bloody sputum/ abnormal breathing sounds
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Name the disease for Neisseria gonor-rhoeae (gono-coccus)
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gonorrhea & gonococcal infection in infants
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Gonorrhea description
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diplococcus
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Gonorrhea epidemiology
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sexual contact (STD)
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Gonorrhea pathogenesis
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pathogen invades spaces separating mucosal cells/ induce immune response
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Gonorrhea host response
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in men/ painful urination with pus in women/ bloody vaginal discharge or urethra/ if cervix is affected/ may cause abdominal pain/ may lead to PID
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gonococcal infection in infants description
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diplococcus
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gonococcal infection in infants epidemiology
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birth canal/ direct contact
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gonococcal infection in infants pathogenesis
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pathogen invades spaces separating mucosal cells/ induce immune response
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gonococcal infection in infants host response
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inflammation & pus formation
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Name the disease for *Neisseria meningi-tidis* (meningo-coccus)
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meningo-coccal meningitis
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meningo-coccal meningitis pathogenesis
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in susceptible individuals/ engulfed by mucosal cells/ damaging epithelium /pharyngitis
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meningo-coccal meningitis host response
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fever/ sore throat/ headache/ stiff neck/ convulsions & vomiting/ may lead to coma/ neurological damage/ if not death
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Name the diseases of *Bacillus anthracis*
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pulmonary anthrax & cutaneous
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Description of *Bacillus anthracis*
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large nonmotile/ facultative/ sporulate in soil
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pulmonary anthrax epidemiology
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spore inha-lation
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pulmonary anthrax pathogenesis
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bacilli in lungs release toxins/ cause blood clots/ CV shock/ septicemia
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pulmonary anthrax host response
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pneumonia; high fever/ difficult breathing/ chest pain
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cutaneous anthrax epidemiology
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paren-teral/ cuts
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cutaneous anthrax pathogenesis
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exotoxins
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cutaneous anthrax host response
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papule/ necrotic/ ruptures fatal septicemia if body fails to localize infection
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Name a disease of *Clostri-dium perfri-ngens*
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gas gang-rene
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gas gang-rene epidemiology
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paren-teral deep wound
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gas gang-rene pathogenesis
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spores germinate/ cells grow/ release
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gas gang-rene host response
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death of soft tissue (necrosis) from loss of blood supply resulting in anaerobic conditions/ positive feedback
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Name a disease of *Clostri-dium tetani*
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tetanus
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Tetanus epidemiology
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paren-teral deep wound
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Tetanus pathogenesis
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neurotoxin blocks relaxation pathway
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Tetanus host response
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muscle spasms spastic paralysis death
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Name a disease for *Clostri-dium botulinum*
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botulism
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Botulism description
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Note: botox treatment
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Botulism epidemiology
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oral/ in-gestion from canned food/ honey/ others
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Botulism pathogenesis
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toxins block release of acetylcholine in synapse invoving skeletal muscles; in infants/ immature intestinal microbiota allows spores to germinate
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Botulism host response
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nausea/ blurred vision/ difficulty in swallowing/ dizziness/ weaknessflaccid paralysisdeath
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Name a disease of *Propioni-bacterium acnes*
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acne
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Acne epidemiology
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contact
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Acne pathogenesis
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sebum accumulates/ ruptures blocked hair follicle;
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Acne host response
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inflammatory lesions and acne scars
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Name a disease for *Myco-bacterium tuber-culosis*
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tuber-culosis
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tuber-culosis epidemiology
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airborne contact droplet respira- tory secretions
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tuber-culosis pathogenesis
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pathogen reproduce in phagocytes/ “tubercles” lumps & lesions in alveoli
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tuber-culosis host response
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weight loss/ violent coughing with blood/ low-grade fever/ anorexia/ extreme fatigue/ night sweats & chest pain
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Name the disease for *Mycobac-terium leprae*
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy)
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy) epidemiology
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contact discharge from lesions/ nasal; not easily conta-gious; arma-dillos carry the bacteria
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy) pathogenesis
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nerves are damaged; effective T cell immune res-ponse in in-fected skin cells
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy) host response
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if tuberculoid/ shallow skin lesions/ loss of sensation in skin/ no skin nodules
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Name the three diseases for *Pseudo- monas aeruginosa*
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UTI / abscess / septi-cemia (blood poisioning)
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UTI epidemiology
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urethra (noso-comial)
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UTI pathogenesis
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infect lining of urinary tract
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UTI host response
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painful urination/ urine may be cloudy/ light bloody
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Abscess epidemiology
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paren-teral
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Abscess pathogenesis
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colonize lesions
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Abscess host response
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localized collection of pus
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septi- cemia (blood poisioning) epidemiology
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paren-teral
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septi- cemia (blood poisioning) pathogenesis
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invade blood/ endotoxin LPS
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septi- cemia (blood poisioning) host response
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lymphangitis/ may lead to septic shock
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Name a disease of *legionel-losis (pneu- monialike)*
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Legionella pneumo-phila
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Legionella pneumo-phila description
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fastidious/ aerobic/ in warm-water supply & air conditioning
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Legionella pneumo-phila epidemiology
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airborne by spas/ showers/ fountain/ noncommunicable
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Legionella pneumo-phila pathogenesis
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survive within phagocytes and amoeba/ infect lungs
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Legionella pneumo-phila host response
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high fever (41oC)/ cough/ pneumonia-like (fever/ chest pain/ breathing difficulty)
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Name four diseases of *Escheri-chia coli*
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UTI / cystitis /septi-cemia/ gastro-enteritis
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*Escheri-chia coli* UTI epidemiology
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urethra
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*Escheri-chia coli* UTI pathogenesis
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infect urinary tract lining
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*Escheri-chia coli* UTI host response
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painful urination/ cloudy urine/ light blood/ chills/ fever
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*Escheri-chia col* cystitis epidemiology
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urethra
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*Escheri-chia coli* cystitis pathogenesis
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infect urinary bladder
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*Escheri-chia coli* cystitis host response
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dysuria (painful urination)/ pyuria (leukocyte in urine)
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*Escheri-chia coli* septi- cemia epidemiology
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urethra
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*Escheri-chia coli*septi- cemia pathogenesis
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infect blood
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*Escheri-chia coli* septi- cemia host response
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pain/ ache/ soreness
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis description
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#1 enterotoxi-genic strain #2 enteroinvasive
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis epidemiology
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fecal-oral (raw milk ham-burger)
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis pathogenesis
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#1 enterotoxin #2 invade intestinal wall
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis host response
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#1 watery diarrhea (traveler’s & infant) #2 inflammation/ fever/ *Shigella*-like dysentery #3 hemorrhagic colitis (inflammation of colon with blood)
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What does (nc) stand for? (only for these study cards)
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Non-coliform
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Name one disease of Salmonella *typhi* (nc)
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typhoid fever
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typhoid fever (nc) epidemiology
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water or food contami-nated by human feces
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typhoid fever (nc) pathogenesis
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Invade small intestine mucosa/ may multiply in lymphatic & CV systems
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typhoid fever (nc) host response
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high fever (40oC)/ headache/ diarrhea abdominal pain/ may cause ulceration of small intestine
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Name one disease of *Salmonella spp*(nc) .
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) epidemiology
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fecal-oral (meat/ poultry/ egg/ pet reptile)
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) pathogenesis
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multiply in phagocytic cells/ spread in the body
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) host response
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diarrhea/ fever/ nausea/ vomiting
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Name a disease of *Shigella*(nc)
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) epidemiology
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fecal-oral
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) pathogenesis
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exotoxin (Shiga toxin) damages large intestine by instigating an inflammatory response endotoxin
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) host response
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severe diarrhea with blood & mucus in stools/ fever/ abdominal cramps
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Name a disease of *Yersinia pestis*(nc)
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bubonic plague
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bubonic plague (nc) description
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cold tolerant (can grow at 4oC)
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bubonic plague (nc) epidemiology
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vector trans-mission: rat & squirrel fleas
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bubonic plague (nc) pathogenesis
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ingested by flea from blood meal/ bacteria block gut/ regurgitated into bite wound/ enters lymph/ necrosis & swelling in lymph node (buboes);
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bubonic plague (nc) host response
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fever chills/ headache/ nausea/ weakness/ tenderness in buboes/ bruises/ death if not treated
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Name five disease of *Hemo-philus influenzae* ?
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Hib mening-itis /otitis media /epiglot-titis/ bronchitis /pneumo-nia
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*Hemo-philus influenzae* description
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fastidious/ sensitive to drying/ heat & disinfectants/
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*Hib* mening-itis epidemiology
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respira-tory secre- tions
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*Hib* mening-it is pathogenesis
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meninges inflamed/ release of endotoxins
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*Hib* mening-it is host response
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fever/ vomiting/ stiff neck/ neurological impairment/ convulsions/ coma/ if not death;
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otitis media pathogenesis
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colonization of middle ear/ auditory tube/ pus builds up pressure against eardrum
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otitis media host response
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earache due to infection of the middle ear/ inflamed & painful
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epiglot-titis pathogenesis
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from upper respiratory tract
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epiglot-titis host response
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inflammation of the epiglottis
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bronchitis pathogenesis
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colonizing lower respiratory tract
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bronchitis host response
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inflammation of the bronchi
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pneumo-nia host response
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fever/ chest pain/ breathing difficulty inflammation in bronchi/ alveoli
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Name a disease associated with * Treponema pallidum*
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syphilis
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Syphilis description
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fastidious/ fragile outside of hosts/ coiled helix/ slow-growing/ “teflon” pathogen
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Syphilis epidemiology
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direct/ sexual contact rarely/ via fomites
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Syphilis pathogenesis
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bind to epithelium/ penetrate capillaries/ circulatory system/ invade spaces around arteries/ inflammatory response
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Syphilis host responses
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1o- chancre at site of infection/ contagious 2o – skin rash/ loss of hair/ malaise/ fever 3o– gummas/ tissue damage/ weakened aorta/ loss of motor control/ personality changes
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Name the disease associated with * Vibrio cholerae*
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cholera
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Cholera description
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warm aquatic/ brackish water
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Cholera epidemiology
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fecal-oral/ water/ shellfish
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Cholera pathogenesis
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enterotoxin makes intestinal cells shed electrolytes into intestine
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Cholera host responses
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vomiting/ profuse/ watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus/ may be fatal if not treated
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Name two diseases for * Helico-bacter pylori*
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peptic ulcer / gastric cancer
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peptic ulcer pathogenesis
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immune system reacts to presence of *H. pylori* inflammation
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peptic ulcer host responses
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Inflammation progressing to an ulcerated area
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gastric cancer pathogenesis
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NH3 may induce cancer
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gastric cancer host responses
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out of control cell division
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Name a disease associated with * Campylo- bacter jejuni*
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gastro-enteritis
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gastro-enteritis description
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rigid/ spiral/ flagella/ micro- aerophilic
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gastro-enteritis epidemiology
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fecal-oral; poultry/ cattle feces/ milk
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gastro-enteritis pathogenesis
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invades mucosal lining
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gastro-enteritis host responses
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fever/ cramping/ abdominal pain/ diarrhea with blood & mucus in stools
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Name a disease associated with * Rickettsia*
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epidemic typhus
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epidemic typhus description
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rod-shaped/ coccobacilli / pleomorphic
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epidemic typhus epidemiology
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human lice (feces)/ paren-teral (vector)
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epidemic typhus pathogenesis
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subcutaneous bleeding due to invasion of blood vessel linings
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epidemic typhus host responses
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high & prolonged fever (up to 2 wks.) stupor/ rash of small red spots
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Name two diseases associated with * Chlamydia tracho-matis*
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nongono-coccal urethritis & trachoma
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nongono-coccal urethritis description
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trachoma strain
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nongono-coccal urethritis epidemiology
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urethra
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nongono-coccal urethritis pathogenesis
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invades epithelial cells in mucosa of eyes/ genitourinary tract & lungs
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nongono-coccal urethritis host responses
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painful urination watery discharge in males; cervicitis in females
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trachoma description
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trachomosdrim
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trachoma epidemiology
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contact: towels mother to baby vector: flies
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trachoma pathogenesis
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infection of conjunctiva & cornea
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trachoma host responses
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conjunctivitis scarring of eyelids/ damages to cornea/ may result in blindness due to cornea abrasion
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Name a diseases associated with * Myco-plasma pneumo-niae*
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atypical pneumo-nia
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Atypical pneumo-nia description
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pleomorphic very small/ essentially no cell wall filaments
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Atypical pneumo-nia epidemiology
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respira-tory secre-tions
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Atypical pneumo-nia pathogenesis
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Bind to specific receptors of respiratory epithelium/ inhibits ciliary action
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Atypical pneumo-nia host responses
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low-grade fever/ headache/ malaise/ sore throat/ later nasal symptoms/ chest pain & earache
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What are the three diseases of Staphylococcus aureus?
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Food poisoning/ toxic shock syndrome (TSS) / staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
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Food poisoning additional information
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grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
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Food poisoning Epidemiology
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oral/ in-gestion of heat-resistant entero- toxin
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Food poisoning Pathogenesis
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exotoxins inducing immune response
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Food poisoning Host response
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vomiting/ abdominal cramps/ diarrhea due to enterotoxin
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) additional information
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grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Epidemiology
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contact tampon paren-teral
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Pathogenesis
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exotoxins possible due to lysogeny
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Host Response
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fever/ vomiting/ rash/ “scalded” skin / shock
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) additional information
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grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) epidemiology
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paren-teral via wounds / hair follicle / skin glands
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Pathogenesis
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exotoxins
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staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Host response
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painful/ bright red flush over entire body/ blisters/ desquamation of epidermis
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Name five diseases of strepto-coccus pyogenes group A & B-hemolytic
|
impetigo or pyoderma/ Erysipelas / strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis /necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” / α- hemolytic dental caries
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impetigo or pyoderma description
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pyogenic /hemolytic / enzymes e.g. streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots)
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impetigo or pyoderma epidemiology
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direct contact / droplet / paren-teral
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impetigo or pyoderma pathogenesis
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exotoxins in epidermis
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impetigo or pyoderma host response
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burning/ itching/ papules that can break/ form yellow crust
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Erysipelas description
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streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots)
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Erysipelas epidemiology
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paren-teral / invade deeper tissues
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Erysipelas pathogenesis
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toxins in dermal layer of skin
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Erysipelas host response
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edema/ reddish patches with raised margins in skin/ high fever/ chills
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis description
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streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots) capsule guard against / may be very thick
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis epidemiology
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paren-teral
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis pathogenesis
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toxins in upper respiratory tract
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strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis host response
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redness/ edema/ enlargement with tenderness/ painful swallowing/ fever/ headache/ nausea/ abdominal pain
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necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” epidemiology
|
paren-teral small abrasions or cuts
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necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” pathogenesis
|
production of various exoenzymes & exotoxins as superantigens
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necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” host response
|
rapid connective tissue destruction/ life-threatening
|
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α- hemolytic dental caries description
|
normal inhabitants of gums & teeth/ slime layers adhere tightly teeth surface
|
|
|
α- hemolytic dental caries epidemiology
|
oral/ normal bacterial flora
|
|
|
α- hemolytic dental caries pathogenesis
|
bacteria use sucrose to form plaque/ inhibiting lactic acid neutrali-zation
|
|
|
α- hemolytic dental caries host response
|
break down of tooth enamel/ dentin/ pulp cavity/ toothache
|
|
|
Name the disease for Strepto-coccus pneumo-niae
|
α- hemolytic
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae description
|
pairs or short chains/ large capsules
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae epidemiology
|
normal micro-biota of naso-pharynx/ Secretions droplet/ delicate
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae pathogenesis
|
mucus with bacteria aspirated into lungs of susceptible individuals/ multiply induce overwhelming inflammatory response
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae host response
|
chills/ shaking/ rapid breathing/ fever/ severe chest pain/ cyanosis/ cough with bloody sputum/ abnormal breathing sounds
|
|
|
Name the disease for Neisseria gonor-rhoeae (gono-coccus)
|
gonorrhea & gonococcal infection in infants
|
|
|
Gonorrhea description
|
diplococcus
|
|
|
Gonorrhea epidemiology
|
sexual contact (STD)
|
|
|
Gonorrhea pathogenesis
|
pathogen invades spaces separating mucosal cells/ induce immune response
|
|
|
Gonorrhea host response
|
in men/ painful urination with pus in women/ bloody vaginal discharge or urethra/ if cervix is affected/ may cause abdominal pain/ may lead to PID
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants description
|
diplococcus
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants epidemiology
|
birth canal/ direct contact
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants pathogenesis
|
pathogen invades spaces separating mucosal cells/ induce immune response
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants host response
|
inflammation & pus formation
|
|
|
Name the disease for *Neisseria meningi-tidis* (meningo-coccus)
|
meningo-coccal meningitis
|
|
|
meningo-coccal meningitis pathogenesis
|
in susceptible individuals/ engulfed by mucosal cells/ damaging epithelium /pharyngitis
|
|
|
meningo-coccal meningitis host response
|
fever/ sore throat/ headache/ stiff neck/ convulsions & vomiting/ may lead to coma/ neurological damage/ if not death
|
|
|
Name the diseases of *Bacillus anthracis*
|
pulmonary anthrax & cutaneous
|
|
|
Description of *Bacillus anthracis*
|
large nonmotile/ facultative/ sporulate in soil
|
|
|
pulmonary anthrax epidemiology
|
spore inha-lation
|
|
|
pulmonary anthrax pathogenesis
|
bacilli in lungs release toxins/ cause blood clots/ CV shock/ septicemia
|
|
|
pulmonary anthrax host response
|
pneumonia; high fever/ difficult breathing/ chest pain
|
|
|
cutaneous anthrax epidemiology
|
paren-teral/ cuts
|
|
|
cutaneous anthrax pathogenesis
|
exotoxins
|
|
|
cutaneous anthrax host response
|
papule/ necrotic/ ruptures fatal septicemia if body fails to localize infection
|
|
|
Name a disease of *Clostri-dium perfri-ngens*
|
gas gang-rene
|
|
|
gas gang-rene epidemiology
|
paren-teral deep wound
|
|
|
gas gang-rene pathogenesis
|
spores germinate/ cells grow/ release
|
|
|
gas gang-rene host response
|
death of soft tissue (necrosis) from loss of blood supply resulting in anaerobic conditions/ positive feedback
|
|
|
Name a disease of *Clostri-dium tetani*
|
tetanus
|
|
|
Tetanus epidemiology
|
paren-teral deep wound
|
|
|
Tetanus pathogenesis
|
neurotoxin blocks relaxation pathway
|
|
|
Tetanus host response
|
muscle spasms spastic paralysis death
|
|
|
Name a disease for *Clostri-dium botulinum*
|
botulism
|
|
|
Botulism description
|
Note: botox treatment
|
|
|
Botulism epidemiology
|
oral/ in-gestion from canned food/ honey/ others
|
|
|
Botulism pathogenesis
|
toxins block release of acetylcholine in synapse invoving skeletal muscles; in infants/ immature intestinal microbiota allows spores to germinate
|
|
|
Botulism host response
|
nausea/ blurred vision/ difficulty in swallowing/ dizziness/ weaknessflaccid paralysisdeath
|
|
|
Name a disease of *Propioni-bacterium acnes*
|
acne
|
|
|
Acne epidemiology
|
contact
|
|
|
Acne pathogenesis
|
sebum accumulates/ ruptures blocked hair follicle;
|
|
|
Acne host response
|
inflammatory lesions and acne scars
|
|
|
Name a disease for *Myco-bacterium tuber-culosis*
|
tuber-culosis
|
|
|
tuber-culosis epidemiology
|
airborne contact droplet respira- tory secretions
|
|
|
tuber-culosis pathogenesis
|
pathogen reproduce in phagocytes/ “tubercles” lumps & lesions in alveoli
|
|
|
tuber-culosis host response
|
weight loss/ violent coughing with blood/ low-grade fever/ anorexia/ extreme fatigue/ night sweats & chest pain
|
|
|
Name the disease for *Mycobac-terium leprae*
|
Hansen’s disease (leprosy)
|
|
|
Hansen’s disease (leprosy) epidemiology
|
contact discharge from lesions/ nasal; not easily conta-gious; arma-dillos carry the bacteria
|
|
|
Hansen’s disease (leprosy) pathogenesis
|
nerves are damaged; effective T cell immune res-ponse in in-fected skin cells
|
|
|
Hansen’s disease (leprosy) host response
|
if tuberculoid/ shallow skin lesions/ loss of sensation in skin/ no skin nodules
|
|
|
Name the three diseases for *Pseudo- monas aeruginosa*
|
UTI / abscess / septi-cemia (blood poisioning)
|
|
|
UTI epidemiology
|
urethra (noso-comial)
|
|
|
UTI pathogenesis
|
infect lining of urinary tract
|
|
|
UTI host response
|
painful urination/ urine may be cloudy/ light bloody
|
|
|
Abscess epidemiology
|
paren-teral
|
|
|
Abscess pathogenesis
|
colonize lesions
|
|
|
Abscess host response
|
localized collection of pus
|
|
|
septi- cemia (blood poisioning) epidemiology
|
paren-teral
|
|
|
septi- cemia (blood poisioning) pathogenesis
|
invade blood/ endotoxin LPS
|
|
|
septi- cemia (blood poisioning) host response
|
lymphangitis/ may lead to septic shock
|
|
|
Name a disease of *legionel-losis (pneu- monialike)*
|
Legionella pneumo-phila
|
|
|
Legionella pneumo-phila description
|
fastidious/ aerobic/ in warm-water supply & air conditioning
|
|
|
Legionella pneumo-phila epidemiology
|
airborne by spas/ showers/ fountain/ noncommunicable
|
|
|
Legionella pneumo-phila pathogenesis
|
survive within phagocytes and amoeba/ infect lungs
|
|
|
Legionella pneumo-phila host response
|
high fever (41oC)/ cough/ pneumonia-like (fever/ chest pain/ breathing difficulty)
|
|
|
Name four diseases of *Escheri-chia coli*
|
UTI / cystitis /septi-cemia/ gastro-enteritis
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* UTI epidemiology
|
urethra
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* UTI pathogenesis
|
infect urinary tract lining
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* UTI host response
|
painful urination/ cloudy urine/ light blood/ chills/ fever
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia col* cystitis epidemiology
|
urethra
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* cystitis pathogenesis
|
infect urinary bladder
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* cystitis host response
|
dysuria (painful urination)/ pyuria (leukocyte in urine)
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* septi- cemia epidemiology
|
urethra
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli*septi- cemia pathogenesis
|
infect blood
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* septi- cemia host response
|
pain/ ache/ soreness
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis description
|
#1 enterotoxi-genic strain #2 enteroinvasive
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis epidemiology
|
fecal-oral (raw milk ham-burger)
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis pathogenesis
|
#1 enterotoxin #2 invade intestinal wall
|
|
|
*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis host response
|
#1 watery diarrhea (traveler’s & infant) #2 inflammation/ fever/ *Shigella*-like dysentery #3 hemorrhagic colitis (inflammation of colon with blood)
|
|
|
What does (nc) stand for? (only for these study cards)
|
Non-coliform
|
|
|
Name one disease of Salmonella *typhi* (nc)
|
typhoid fever
|
|
|
typhoid fever (nc) epidemiology
|
water or food contami-nated by human feces
|
|
|
typhoid fever (nc) pathogenesis
|
Invade small intestine mucosa/ may multiply in lymphatic & CV systems
|
|
|
typhoid fever (nc) host response
|
high fever (40oC)/ headache/ diarrhea abdominal pain/ may cause ulceration of small intestine
|
|
|
Name one disease of *Salmonella spp*(nc) .
|
salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis
|
|
|
salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) epidemiology
|
fecal-oral (meat/ poultry/ egg/ pet reptile)
|
|
|
salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) pathogenesis
|
multiply in phagocytic cells/ spread in the body
|
|
|
salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) host response
|
diarrhea/ fever/ nausea/ vomiting
|
|
|
Name a disease of *Shigella*(nc)
|
shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)
|
|
|
shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) epidemiology
|
fecal-oral
|
|
|
shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) pathogenesis
|
exotoxin (Shiga toxin) damages large intestine by instigating an inflammatory response endotoxin
|
|
|
shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) host response
|
severe diarrhea with blood & mucus in stools/ fever/ abdominal cramps
|
|
|
Name a disease of *Yersinia pestis*(nc)
|
bubonic plague
|
|
|
bubonic plague (nc) description
|
cold tolerant (can grow at 4oC)
|
|
|
bubonic plague (nc) epidemiology
|
vector trans-mission: rat & squirrel fleas
|
|
|
bubonic plague (nc) pathogenesis
|
ingested by flea from blood meal/ bacteria block gut/ regurgitated into bite wound/ enters lymph/ necrosis & swelling in lymph node (buboes);
|
|
|
bubonic plague (nc) host response
|
fever chills/ headache/ nausea/ weakness/ tenderness in buboes/ bruises/ death if not treated
|
|
|
Name five disease of *Hemo-philus influenzae* ?
|
Hib mening-itis /otitis media /epiglot-titis/ bronchitis /pneumo-nia
|
|
|
*Hemo-philus influenzae* description
|
fastidious/ sensitive to drying/ heat & disinfectants/
|
|
|
*Hib* mening-itis epidemiology
|
respira-tory secre- tions
|
|
|
*Hib* mening-it is pathogenesis
|
meninges inflamed/ release of endotoxins
|
|
|
*Hib* mening-it is host response
|
fever/ vomiting/ stiff neck/ neurological impairment/ convulsions/ coma/ if not death;
|
|
|
otitis media pathogenesis
|
colonization of middle ear/ auditory tube/ pus builds up pressure against eardrum
|
|
|
otitis media host response
|
earache due to infection of the middle ear/ inflamed & painful
|
|
|
epiglot-titis pathogenesis
|
from upper respiratory tract
|
|
|
epiglot-titis host response
|
inflammation of the epiglottis
|
|
|
bronchitis pathogenesis
|
colonizing lower respiratory tract
|
|
|
bronchitis host response
|
inflammation of the bronchi
|
|
|
pneumo-nia host response
|
fever/ chest pain/ breathing difficulty inflammation in bronchi/ alveoli
|
|
|
Name a disease associated with * Treponema pallidum*
|
syphilis
|
|
|
Syphilis description
|
fastidious/ fragile outside of hosts/ coiled helix/ slow-growing/ “teflon” pathogen
|
|
|
Syphilis epidemiology
|
direct/ sexual contact rarely/ via fomites
|
|
|
Syphilis pathogenesis
|
bind to epithelium/ penetrate capillaries/ circulatory system/ invade spaces around arteries/ inflammatory response
|
|
|
Syphilis host responses
|
1o- chancre at site of infection/ contagious 2o – skin rash/ loss of hair/ malaise/ fever 3o– gummas/ tissue damage/ weakened aorta/ loss of motor control/ personality changes
|
|
|
Name the disease associated with * Vibrio cholerae*
|
cholera
|
|
|
Cholera description
|
warm aquatic/ brackish water
|
|
|
Cholera epidemiology
|
fecal-oral/ water/ shellfish
|
|
|
Cholera pathogenesis
|
enterotoxin makes intestinal cells shed electrolytes into intestine
|
|
|
Cholera host responses
|
vomiting/ profuse/ watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus/ may be fatal if not treated
|
|
|
Name two diseases for * Helico-bacter pylori*
|
peptic ulcer / gastric cancer
|
|
|
peptic ulcer pathogenesis
|
immune system reacts to presence of *H. pylori* inflammation
|
|
|
peptic ulcer host responses
|
Inflammation progressing to an ulcerated area
|
|
|
gastric cancer pathogenesis
|
NH3 may induce cancer
|
|
|
gastric cancer host responses
|
out of control cell division
|
|
|
Name a disease associated with * Campylo- bacter jejuni*
|
gastro-enteritis
|
|
|
gastro-enteritis description
|
rigid/ spiral/ flagella/ micro- aerophilic
|
|
|
gastro-enteritis epidemiology
|
fecal-oral; poultry/ cattle feces/ milk
|
|
|
gastro-enteritis pathogenesis
|
invades mucosal lining
|
|
|
gastro-enteritis host responses
|
fever/ cramping/ abdominal pain/ diarrhea with blood & mucus in stools
|
|
|
Name a disease associated with * Rickettsia*
|
epidemic typhus
|
|
|
epidemic typhus description
|
rod-shaped/ coccobacilli / pleomorphic
|
|
|
epidemic typhus epidemiology
|
human lice (feces)/ paren-teral (vector)
|
|
|
epidemic typhus pathogenesis
|
subcutaneous bleeding due to invasion of blood vessel linings
|
|
|
epidemic typhus host responses
|
high & prolonged fever (up to 2 wks.) stupor/ rash of small red spots
|
|
|
Name two diseases associated with * Chlamydia tracho-matis*
|
nongono-coccal urethritis & trachoma
|
|
|
nongono-coccal urethritis description
|
trachoma strain
|
|
|
nongono-coccal urethritis epidemiology
|
urethra
|
|
|
nongono-coccal urethritis pathogenesis
|
invades epithelial cells in mucosa of eyes/ genitourinary tract & lungs
|
|
|
nongono-coccal urethritis host responses
|
painful urination watery discharge in males; cervicitis in females
|
|
|
trachoma description
|
trachomosdrim
|
|
|
trachoma epidemiology
|
contact: towels mother to baby vector: flies
|
|
|
trachoma pathogenesis
|
infection of conjunctiva & cornea
|
|
|
trachoma host responses
|
conjunctivitis scarring of eyelids/ damages to cornea/ may result in blindness due to cornea abrasion
|
|
|
Name a diseases associated with * Myco-plasma pneumo-niae*
|
atypical pneumo-nia
|
|
|
Atypical pneumo-nia description
|
pleomorphic very small/ essentially no cell wall filaments
|
|
|
Atypical pneumo-nia epidemiology
|
respira-tory secre-tions
|
|
|
Atypical pneumo-nia pathogenesis
|
Bind to specific receptors of respiratory epithelium/ inhibits ciliary action
|
|
|
Atypical pneumo-nia host responses
|
low-grade fever/ headache/ malaise/ sore throat/ later nasal symptoms/ chest pain & earache
|
|
|
What are the three diseases of Staphylococcus aureus?
|
Food poisoning/ toxic shock syndrome (TSS) / staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
|
|
|
Food poisoning additional information
|
grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
|
|
|
Food poisoning Epidemiology
|
oral/ in-gestion of heat-resistant entero- toxin
|
|
|
Food poisoning Pathogenesis
|
exotoxins inducing immune response
|
|
|
Food poisoning Host response
|
vomiting/ abdominal cramps/ diarrhea due to enterotoxin
|
|
|
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) additional information
|
grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
|
|
|
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Epidemiology
|
contact tampon paren-teral
|
|
|
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Pathogenesis
|
exotoxins possible due to lysogeny
|
|
|
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Host Response
|
fever/ vomiting/ rash/ “scalded” skin / shock
|
|
|
staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) additional information
|
grape-like clusters/ salt- & drought- tolerant/ yellow pigment/ Pyogenic/ produce exotoxins/ e.g. hemolysins enzymes/ e.g. lipase/ penicillinase/ normal flora of skin
|
|
|
staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) epidemiology
|
paren-teral via wounds / hair follicle / skin glands
|
|
|
staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Pathogenesis
|
exotoxins
|
|
|
staphylo- coccal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Host response
|
painful/ bright red flush over entire body/ blisters/ desquamation of epidermis
|
|
|
Name five diseases of strepto-coccus pyogenes group A & B-hemolytic
|
impetigo or pyoderma/ Erysipelas / strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis /necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” / α- hemolytic dental caries
|
|
|
impetigo or pyoderma description
|
pyogenic /hemolytic / enzymes e.g. streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots)
|
|
|
impetigo or pyoderma epidemiology
|
direct contact / droplet / paren-teral
|
|
|
impetigo or pyoderma pathogenesis
|
exotoxins in epidermis
|
|
|
impetigo or pyoderma host response
|
burning/ itching/ papules that can break/ form yellow crust
|
|
|
Erysipelas description
|
streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots)
|
|
|
Erysipelas epidemiology
|
paren-teral / invade deeper tissues
|
|
|
Erysipelas pathogenesis
|
toxins in dermal layer of skin
|
|
|
Erysipelas host response
|
edema/ reddish patches with raised margins in skin/ high fever/ chills
|
|
|
strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis description
|
streptolysins/ (lyze tissue blood cells) streptokinase (lyse clots) capsule guard against / may be very thick
|
|
|
strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis epidemiology
|
paren-teral
|
|
|
strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis pathogenesis
|
toxins in upper respiratory tract
|
|
|
strepto-coccal pharyngi-tis host response
|
redness/ edema/ enlargement with tenderness/ painful swallowing/ fever/ headache/ nausea/ abdominal pain
|
|
|
necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” epidemiology
|
paren-teral small abrasions or cuts
|
|
|
necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” pathogenesis
|
production of various exoenzymes & exotoxins as superantigens
|
|
|
necro-tizing fasciitis “flesh-eating bacteria” host response
|
rapid connective tissue destruction/ life-threatening
|
|
|
α- hemolytic dental caries description
|
normal inhabitants of gums & teeth/ slime layers adhere tightly teeth surface
|
|
|
α- hemolytic dental caries epidemiology
|
oral/ normal bacterial flora
|
|
|
α- hemolytic dental caries pathogenesis
|
bacteria use sucrose to form plaque/ inhibiting lactic acid neutrali-zation
|
|
|
α- hemolytic dental caries host response
|
break down of tooth enamel/ dentin/ pulp cavity/ toothache
|
|
|
Name the disease for Strepto-coccus pneumo-niae
|
α- hemolytic
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae description
|
pairs or short chains/ large capsules
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae epidemiology
|
normal micro-biota of naso-pharynx/ Secretions droplet/ delicate
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae pathogenesis
|
mucus with bacteria aspirated into lungs of susceptible individuals/ multiply induce overwhelming inflammatory response
|
|
|
Pneumo-niae host response
|
chills/ shaking/ rapid breathing/ fever/ severe chest pain/ cyanosis/ cough with bloody sputum/ abnormal breathing sounds
|
|
|
Name the disease for Neisseria gonor-rhoeae (gono-coccus)
|
gonorrhea & gonococcal infection in infants
|
|
|
Gonorrhea description
|
diplococcus
|
|
|
Gonorrhea epidemiology
|
sexual contact (STD)
|
|
|
Gonorrhea pathogenesis
|
pathogen invades spaces separating mucosal cells/ induce immune response
|
|
|
Gonorrhea host response
|
in men/ painful urination with pus in women/ bloody vaginal discharge or urethra/ if cervix is affected/ may cause abdominal pain/ may lead to PID
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants description
|
diplococcus
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants epidemiology
|
birth canal/ direct contact
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants pathogenesis
|
pathogen invades spaces separating mucosal cells/ induce immune response
|
|
|
gonococcal infection in infants host response
|
inflammation & pus formation
|
|
|
Name the disease for *Neisseria meningi-tidis* (meningo-coccus)
|
meningo-coccal meningitis
|
|
|
meningo-coccal meningitis pathogenesis
|
in susceptible individuals/ engulfed by mucosal cells/ damaging epithelium /pharyngitis
|
|
|
meningo-coccal meningitis host response
|
fever/ sore throat/ headache/ stiff neck/ convulsions & vomiting/ may lead to coma/ neurological damage/ if not death
|
|
|
Name the diseases of *Bacillus anthracis*
|
pulmonary anthrax & cutaneous
|
|
|
Description of *Bacillus anthracis*
|
large nonmotile/ facultative/ sporulate in soil
|
|
|
pulmonary anthrax epidemiology
|
spore inha-lation
|
|
|
pulmonary anthrax pathogenesis
|
bacilli in lungs release toxins/ cause blood clots/ CV shock/ septicemia
|
|
|
pulmonary anthrax host response
|
pneumonia; high fever/ difficult breathing/ chest pain
|
|
|
cutaneous anthrax epidemiology
|
paren-teral/ cuts
|
|
|
cutaneous anthrax pathogenesis
|
exotoxins
|
|
|
cutaneous anthrax host response
|
papule/ necrotic/ ruptures fatal septicemia if body fails to localize infection
|
|
|
Name a disease of *Clostri-dium perfri-ngens*
|
gas gang-rene
|
|
|
gas gang-rene epidemiology
|
paren-teral deep wound
|
|
|
gas gang-rene pathogenesis
|
spores germinate/ cells grow/ release
|
|
|
gas gang-rene host response
|
death of soft tissue (necrosis) from loss of blood supply resulting in anaerobic conditions/ positive feedback
|
|
|
Name a disease of *Clostri-dium tetani*
|
tetanus
|
|
|
Tetanus epidemiology
|
paren-teral deep wound
|
|
|
Tetanus pathogenesis
|
neurotoxin blocks relaxation pathway
|
|
|
Tetanus host response
|
muscle spasms spastic paralysis death
|
|
|
Name a disease for *Clostri-dium botulinum*
|
botulism
|
|
|
Botulism description
|
Note: botox treatment
|
|
|
Botulism epidemiology
|
oral/ in-gestion from canned food/ honey/ others
|
|
|
Botulism pathogenesis
|
toxins block release of acetylcholine in synapse invoving skeletal muscles; in infants/ immature intestinal microbiota allows spores to germinate
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Botulism host response
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nausea/ blurred vision/ difficulty in swallowing/ dizziness/ weaknessflaccid paralysisdeath
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Name a disease of *Propioni-bacterium acnes*
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acne
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Acne epidemiology
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contact
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Acne pathogenesis
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sebum accumulates/ ruptures blocked hair follicle;
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Acne host response
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inflammatory lesions and acne scars
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Name a disease for *Myco-bacterium tuber-culosis*
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tuber-culosis
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tuber-culosis epidemiology
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airborne contact droplet respira- tory secretions
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tuber-culosis pathogenesis
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pathogen reproduce in phagocytes/ “tubercles” lumps & lesions in alveoli
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tuber-culosis host response
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weight loss/ violent coughing with blood/ low-grade fever/ anorexia/ extreme fatigue/ night sweats & chest pain
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Name the disease for *Mycobac-terium leprae*
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy)
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy) epidemiology
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contact discharge from lesions/ nasal; not easily conta-gious; arma-dillos carry the bacteria
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy) pathogenesis
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nerves are damaged; effective T cell immune res-ponse in in-fected skin cells
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Hansen’s disease (leprosy) host response
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if tuberculoid/ shallow skin lesions/ loss of sensation in skin/ no skin nodules
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Name the three diseases for *Pseudo- monas aeruginosa*
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UTI / abscess / septi-cemia (blood poisioning)
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UTI epidemiology
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urethra (noso-comial)
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UTI pathogenesis
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infect lining of urinary tract
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UTI host response
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painful urination/ urine may be cloudy/ light bloody
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Abscess epidemiology
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paren-teral
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Abscess pathogenesis
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colonize lesions
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Abscess host response
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localized collection of pus
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septi- cemia (blood poisioning) epidemiology
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paren-teral
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septi- cemia (blood poisioning) pathogenesis
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invade blood/ endotoxin LPS
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septi- cemia (blood poisioning) host response
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lymphangitis/ may lead to septic shock
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Name a disease of *legionel-losis (pneu- monialike)*
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Legionella pneumo-phila
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Legionella pneumo-phila description
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fastidious/ aerobic/ in warm-water supply & air conditioning
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Legionella pneumo-phila epidemiology
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airborne by spas/ showers/ fountain/ noncommunicable
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Legionella pneumo-phila pathogenesis
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survive within phagocytes and amoeba/ infect lungs
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Legionella pneumo-phila host response
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high fever (41oC)/ cough/ pneumonia-like (fever/ chest pain/ breathing difficulty)
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Name four diseases of *Escheri-chia coli*
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UTI / cystitis /septi-cemia/ gastro-enteritis
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*Escheri-chia coli* UTI epidemiology
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urethra
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*Escheri-chia coli* UTI pathogenesis
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infect urinary tract lining
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*Escheri-chia coli* UTI host response
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painful urination/ cloudy urine/ light blood/ chills/ fever
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*Escheri-chia col* cystitis epidemiology
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urethra
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*Escheri-chia coli* cystitis pathogenesis
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infect urinary bladder
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*Escheri-chia coli* cystitis host response
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dysuria (painful urination)/ pyuria (leukocyte in urine)
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*Escheri-chia coli* septi- cemia epidemiology
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urethra
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*Escheri-chia coli*septi- cemia pathogenesis
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infect blood
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*Escheri-chia coli* septi- cemia host response
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pain/ ache/ soreness
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis description
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#1 enterotoxi-genic strain #2 enteroinvasive
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis epidemiology
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fecal-oral (raw milk ham-burger)
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis pathogenesis
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#1 enterotoxin #2 invade intestinal wall
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*Escheri-chia coli* gastro-enteritis host response
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#1 watery diarrhea (traveler’s & infant) #2 inflammation/ fever/ *Shigella*-like dysentery #3 hemorrhagic colitis (inflammation of colon with blood)
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What does (nc) stand for? (only for these study cards)
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Non-coliform
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Name one disease of Salmonella *typhi* (nc)
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typhoid fever
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typhoid fever (nc) epidemiology
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water or food contami-nated by human feces
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typhoid fever (nc) pathogenesis
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Invade small intestine mucosa/ may multiply in lymphatic & CV systems
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typhoid fever (nc) host response
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high fever (40oC)/ headache/ diarrhea abdominal pain/ may cause ulceration of small intestine
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Name one disease of *Salmonella spp*(nc) .
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) epidemiology
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fecal-oral (meat/ poultry/ egg/ pet reptile)
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) pathogenesis
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multiply in phagocytic cells/ spread in the body
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salmone-llosis gastro-enteritis (nc) host response
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diarrhea/ fever/ nausea/ vomiting
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Name a disease of *Shigella*(nc)
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) epidemiology
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fecal-oral
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) pathogenesis
|
exotoxin (Shiga toxin) damages large intestine by instigating an inflammatory response endotoxin
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shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (nc) host response
|
severe diarrhea with blood & mucus in stools/ fever/ abdominal cramps
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Name a disease of *Yersinia pestis*(nc)
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bubonic plague
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bubonic plague (nc) description
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cold tolerant (can grow at 4oC)
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bubonic plague (nc) epidemiology
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vector trans-mission: rat & squirrel fleas
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bubonic plague (nc) pathogenesis
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ingested by flea from blood meal/ bacteria block gut/ regurgitated into bite wound/ enters lymph/ necrosis & swelling in lymph node (buboes);
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bubonic plague (nc) host response
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fever chills/ headache/ nausea/ weakness/ tenderness in buboes/ bruises/ death if not treated
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Name five disease of *Hemo-philus influenzae* ?
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Hib mening-itis /otitis media /epiglot-titis/ bronchitis /pneumo-nia
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*Hemo-philus influenzae* description
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fastidious/ sensitive to drying/ heat & disinfectants/
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*Hib* mening-itis epidemiology
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respira-tory secre- tions
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*Hib* mening-it is pathogenesis
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meninges inflamed/ release of endotoxins
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*Hib* mening-it is host response
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fever/ vomiting/ stiff neck/ neurological impairment/ convulsions/ coma/ if not death;
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otitis media pathogenesis
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colonization of middle ear/ auditory tube/ pus builds up pressure against eardrum
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otitis media host response
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earache due to infection of the middle ear/ inflamed & painful
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epiglot-titis pathogenesis
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from upper respiratory tract
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epiglot-titis host response
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inflammation of the epiglottis
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bronchitis pathogenesis
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colonizing lower respiratory tract
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bronchitis host response
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inflammation of the bronchi
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pneumo-nia host response
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fever/ chest pain/ breathing difficulty inflammation in bronchi/ alveoli
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Name a disease associated with * Treponema pallidum*
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syphilis
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Syphilis description
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fastidious/ fragile outside of hosts/ coiled helix/ slow-growing/ “teflon” pathogen
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Syphilis epidemiology
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direct/ sexual contact rarely/ via fomites
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Syphilis pathogenesis
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bind to epithelium/ penetrate capillaries/ circulatory system/ invade spaces around arteries/ inflammatory response
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Syphilis host responses
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1o- chancre at site of infection/ contagious 2o – skin rash/ loss of hair/ malaise/ fever 3o– gummas/ tissue damage/ weakened aorta/ loss of motor control/ personality changes
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Name the disease associated with * Vibrio cholerae*
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cholera
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Cholera description
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warm aquatic/ brackish water
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Cholera epidemiology
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fecal-oral/ water/ shellfish
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Cholera pathogenesis
|
enterotoxin makes intestinal cells shed electrolytes into intestine
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Cholera host responses
|
vomiting/ profuse/ watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus/ may be fatal if not treated
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Name two diseases for * Helico-bacter pylori*
|
peptic ulcer / gastric cancer
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peptic ulcer pathogenesis
|
immune system reacts to presence of *H. pylori* inflammation
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peptic ulcer host responses
|
Inflammation progressing to an ulcerated area
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gastric cancer pathogenesis
|
NH3 may induce cancer
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gastric cancer host responses
|
out of control cell division
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Name a disease associated with * Campylo- bacter jejuni*
|
gastro-enteritis
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gastro-enteritis description
|
rigid/ spiral/ flagella/ micro- aerophilic
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gastro-enteritis epidemiology
|
fecal-oral; poultry/ cattle feces/ milk
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gastro-enteritis pathogenesis
|
invades mucosal lining
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gastro-enteritis host responses
|
fever/ cramping/ abdominal pain/ diarrhea with blood & mucus in stools
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Name a disease associated with * Rickettsia*
|
epidemic typhus
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epidemic typhus description
|
rod-shaped/ coccobacilli / pleomorphic
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epidemic typhus epidemiology
|
human lice (feces)/ paren-teral (vector)
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epidemic typhus pathogenesis
|
subcutaneous bleeding due to invasion of blood vessel linings
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epidemic typhus host responses
|
high & prolonged fever (up to 2 wks.) stupor/ rash of small red spots
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Name two diseases associated with * Chlamydia tracho-matis*
|
nongono-coccal urethritis & trachoma
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nongono-coccal urethritis description
|
trachoma strain
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nongono-coccal urethritis epidemiology
|
urethra
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nongono-coccal urethritis pathogenesis
|
invades epithelial cells in mucosa of eyes/ genitourinary tract & lungs
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nongono-coccal urethritis host responses
|
painful urination watery discharge in males; cervicitis in females
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trachoma description
|
trachomosdrim
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trachoma epidemiology
|
contact: towels mother to baby vector: flies
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trachoma pathogenesis
|
infection of conjunctiva & cornea
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trachoma host responses
|
conjunctivitis scarring of eyelids/ damages to cornea/ may result in blindness due to cornea abrasion
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Name a diseases associated with * Myco-plasma pneumo-niae*
|
atypical pneumo-nia
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Atypical pneumo-nia description
|
pleomorphic very small/ essentially no cell wall filaments
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Atypical pneumo-nia epidemiology
|
respira-tory secre-tions
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Atypical pneumo-nia pathogenesis
|
Bind to specific receptors of respiratory epithelium/ inhibits ciliary action
|
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Atypical pneumo-nia host responses
|
low-grade fever/ headache/ malaise/ sore throat/ later nasal symptoms/ chest pain & earache
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