Microbial Metabolism

Front 1

What is metabolism?

Back 1

all the chemical process in the body

Front 2

there are two types of metabolisms, what are they?

Back 2

anabolism and catabolism

Front 3

what are phototrophs?

Back 3

use light energy (photosynthetic)

Front 4

what are chemotrophs?

Back 4

oxidize reduced chemical compoounds to obtain energy

Front 5

what are organotrophs?

Back 5

oxidize organic compounds includes carbon

Front 6

what are lithotrophs?

Back 6

oxidize inorganic compounds (only a few procaryotes are lithotrophic)

Front 7

what are bilogical oxidation (characteristics of oxidation)

Back 7

addition of oxygen
removal of hydrogens (dehydrogenation)
removal of electrons

Front 8

what are autotrophs?

Back 8

they obtain all their C from CO2

Front 9

what are heterotrophs?

Back 9

requires organic C source

Front 10

what are chemoautotrophs?

Back 10

obtain energy by oxidizing some reuced inorganic compound and their C from CO2. only a few bacteria are in this nutritional grouping

Front 11

what are photoautotrophs?

Back 11

obtain energy by photosynthesis and use CO2 as C source

Front 12

what are photoheterotrophs?

Back 12

obtain their energy by photosynthesis and use organic compounds as C source

Front 13

what are chemoheterotrophs?

Back 13

obtain their energy by oxidizing reduced organic compounds and use the C skeleton of these compounds for biosynthesis of cell components

Front 14

Nitrogen source characteristics

Back 14

many microbes can utilize nitrates, nitrites or ammonia as a sole source of N

Front 15

characteristics of minerals

Back 15

S and P are the two minerals that are required in large amounts
S is needed to make 2 amino acids and some coenzymes
P is needed to make phosphate (phopholipids, ATP, etc..)

Front 16

Organic growth factors

Back 16

any organic compound that an organism needs and cannot make for itself is considered to be an organic growth faactor
exs. amino acids, nitrogenous bases
vitamins

Front 17

water characteristics

Back 17

water is the major essential nutrient in quantitative terms
it serves as the solvent for all metabolic reactions
most cell are 70 - 90% water by weight

Front 18

enviromental requirements
pH

Back 18

most organism prefer a pH near 70
a few microbes can grow at a pH of about 0 and a few can grow at a pH of 10 or 11

Front 19

temperature requirements

Back 19

of miicroorganisms primaarily reflect the temperatures at which their enzymes and membrane function (extremely hot or cold (ice) or the middle range

Front 20

what is the temp of psychrophiles?

Back 20

min. temp - 10 degrees C
Opt temp - 10 degrees C
Max temp - 20 degrees C

Front 21

what is temp for mesophiles?

Back 21

min. temp 10 degrees C
opt temp 20 - 40 degrees C
max temp 50 degrees C

Front 22

what is the temp of thermophiles?

Back 22

min temp 45 degrees C
opt temp 55 - 75 degrees C
max temp 80 degrees C

Front 23

oxygen

Back 23

some organisms require oxygen to be present while to others it is toxic

Front 24

define aerobes

Back 24

use oxygen as final electron acceptor in their metabolism

Front 25

def. strict or obligate aerobe

Back 25

cannot survive without oxygen

Front 26

def. microaerophilic

Back 26

aerobes that need oxygen but cannot grow if the concentration is too high

Front 27

def. anaerobes

Back 27

do not use oxygen in their metabolism but use dome other compounds as final electron acceptor

Front 28

strict or obligate anaerobe

Back 28

cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

Front 29

def. aerotolerant anaerobe

Back 29

does not use oxygen but can survive in its presence

Front 30

facultative anaerobe def.

Back 30

can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen

Front 31

what are halophiles?

Back 31

archaebacteria are obligate halophiles requires high salt concentrations for growth ( have to have it)

Front 32

what are barophiles?

Back 32

grow at extreme depths in deep sea enviroments
can survive pressures over 1,000 times normal atmospheric pressure and will burst if exposed to normal pressures ( need extreme pressure to grow)

Front 33

what type of arrangement does flagella?

Back 33

9 + 2 arrangement

Front 34

What is catabolilsm?

Back 34

reactions that break down more complex compounds into simplier ones and release energy that can be trapped for storage in compounds such as ATP; to break down or to release

Front 35

What is anabolism?

Back 35

put in work; reactions that synthesize more complex compounds from simplier ones with the input of energy

Front 36

what is substrate level phosphorylation?

Back 36

adding phosphate; lowest level to which you can make ATP; Adding a phosphate to ADP into ATP

Front 37

Electron transport phosphorylation -

Back 37

an intact biological membrane is required for this type of ATP generation

Front 38

Oxidative phosphorylation -

Back 38

the high energy electrons from the oxidation of some reduced chemical compound; is associated with the cell membrane of procaryotes and the inner matrix (mitochondrial membranes of eucaryotes

Front 39

true or false

Back 39

anaerobes usually use some organic molecule as final electron acceptor: fermentation a sign that happens after glycolysis

Front 40

what is anaerobic respiration?

Back 40

use inorganic other than oxygen as their final electron acceptor

Front 41

Photosynthetic Phosphorylation -

Back 41

deals with photosynthesis

Front 42

When you remove hydrogens, you remove electrons

Back 42

biological oxidations: if you gain its reduction if you loss its oxidized

Front 43

what is dehydrogenase?

Back 43

an enzyme that removes hydrogen