Microbial Diseases Of The Skin

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Barrier against bacterial infection

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INTEGUMENT

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BACTERIAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN
(place marker)

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Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Inflammatory Acne
Neonatal gonorrhea

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Normal Microbiota of skin is generally (2)

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Dominated by Gram Positive Cocci
Resistant to high salt concentration and desiccation

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Outer integument secretes

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sebum and sweat

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Produce coagulase
Many produce variety of toxins
Many produce penicillinase (enzymes that breakdown antibiotic penicillin)
Agents of many types of skin infections
Pimples, sties, impetigo (pustules), these are non-specific conditions, mini infections
May result in toxemia
Scalded skin and toxic shock syndrome

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Common component of normal microbiota
Often the cause of stitch abscesses

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
Produces many toxins
Causes erysipelas (red patches) and impetigo
May become invasive and cause rapid tissue destruction

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Streptococcus agalactiae

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Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus
Causes infections in newborns

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Produces several toxins
May cause dermatitis, ear infections, and burn infections
Often difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance

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Inflammatory Acne

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Caused by Propionibacterium acnes
Metabolizes sebum trapped in hair follicles, uses it for a source of organic energy

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Neonatal gonorrhea

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Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Transmitted from infected mother during birth

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VIRAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN (place marker)

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Warts
Smallpox
Chickenpox
Cold sores
Rubeola virus measles
Rubella (german measeles)

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Warts
what causes them
how spread?

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Papillomaviruses cause benign growth
Spread by direct contact

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Smallpox
Cause
transmission
movement to skin
mortality
significance

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Caused by variola virus
Transmitted by respiratory system
Moved to the skin by circulatory system
Very high rate of mortality
Biggest success story in our ability to eradicate the virus and the infection it causes

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Chickenpox
cause
transmission
appears
causes what other disease

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Caused by varicella-zoster virus
Transmitted by respiratory system
Becomes localized in skin cells
May remain latent, later causing shingles (rash along cutaneous sensory nerves)

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Cold sores
cause
latentcey
cause of out breaks
can cause what serious disease

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Caused by herpes simplex virus
May remain latent and reactive later on
What cause breakouts is unknown, may be sensitive to stress
May manifest into a serious form encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

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Rubeola virus measles
cause
transmission
results

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Caused Rubeola virus
Transmitted by respiratory system
Results in macular lesions on skin

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Rubella (german measeles)
cause
results
effect on fetus

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Caused by rubella virus
Results in red rash and mild fever
May affect fetus if exposed during first trimester
May result in stillbirth or birth defects

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FUNGAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN
(place marker)

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Dermatomycoses
Candidiasis

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Dermatomycoses
ex (2)
cause (3)

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(e.g., ringworm, athlete’s foot)
Caused by Microsporum, Trichophytom, Epidermophyton

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Candidiasis
ex
cause
results

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(yeast infection of mucus membrane)
Caused by Candida albicans
Results in thrush and vaginitis

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PARASITIC INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN (place marker)

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Scabies
Pediculus

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Scabies
cause
vector

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Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei
Ectoparasitic mite

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Pediculus
common name
cause
vector

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head and body lice)
Caused by Pediculus humanus
Ectoparasitic insect