Microbe-Human Interactions Chap 13

Front 1

Infection

Back 1

when pathogenic microbes get past host defenses, enter tissues, and multiply

Front 2

disease

Back 2

cumulative effects of infection damage and disrupt tissues and organs; pathologic state

Front 3

infectious disease

Back 3

caused by microbes or their products

Front 4

normal biota

Back 4

microbes that live on and in the human body; also, "normal flora"

Front 5

Human Microbiome Project (HMP)

Back 5

funded by NIH, all over country, aim to determine what microbes are in gut, respiratory tract, skin, and other body sites

Front 6

sites that harbor a known normal biota

Back 6

1) skin and adjacent mucous membranes

2) Respiratory tract and lungs

3) GI tract

4) Outer part of urethra

5) External genitalia

6) Vagina

7) External ear canal

8) External eye (lids, conjuctiva)

Front 7

Anatomical Sites thought to be Sterile

Back 7

fluids, bones, tissues, glands

Front 8

Sterile Sites Exceptions

Back 8

Blood, Sinuses, Liver, Heart, Amniotic Fluid

Front 9

Endogenous Infections

Back 9

caused by biota already present in body, when it's introduced to parts of body previously sterile (E. coli in bladder)

Front 10

Virulence

Back 10

degree of pathogenicity: 1) ability to establish itself and 2) cause damage

Front 11

Virulence Factor

Back 11

any characteristic or structure of microbe that contributes to enter/establish/attach/survive in a host, and to cause damage

Front 12

Characteristic route by which a microbe enters the tissues?

Back 12

Portal of Entry

Front 13

TORCH?

Back 13

Toxoplasmosis Other diseases Rubella Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simpex virus

Front 14

Process by which microbe gains a more stable hold on host tissues?

Back 14

Adhesion

Front 15

substances toxic to white blood cells, including phagocytosis

Back 15

leukocidins

Front 16

Minimum Number of microbes required for an infection; the smaller dose, the greater virulence.

Back 16

Infectious Dose (ID)

Front 17

Power to produce toxins

Back 17

Toxigenicity

Front 18

Toxinoses in which toxin is spread by the blood from the site of infection

Back 18

Toxemias

Front 19

Toxinoses in which the toxin is spread ingestion of the toxins

Back 19

Intoxications (botulism)

Front 20

Focal Infection

Back 20

infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues

Front 21

Distinguish between: mixed infection, primary infection, secondary infection, acute infections, and chronic infections

Front 22

leukocytosis vs. leukopenia

Back 22

increase in WBC vs. decrease in WBC

Front 23

septicemia vs. bacteremia vs. viremia

Back 23

bacteria multiplying in blood in large numbers vs. small numbers not necessarily multiplying vs. viruses in blood (regardless of multiplying or no)

Front 24

stages of infection

Back 24

incubation, prodromal, period of invasion (height of infection), convalescent period

Front 25

infection indigenous to animals but naturally transmissable to humans

Back 25

zoonosis

Front 26

fomite

Back 26

inanimate object that harbors and transmits pathogens

Front 27

point source epidemic

Back 27

infectious agent came from a single source, all victims were exposed to that source

Front 28

common source epidemic

Back 28

common exposure to single source over a period of time

Front 29

propagated epidemic

Back 29

infectious agent communicable from person to person, and so sustained within a pop.

Front 30

index case

Back 30

first patient found in epidemiological investigation