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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What term is defined as any deviation from health where tissues and organs are damaged and disrupted?
a) commensalism b) pathology c) disease d) infection e) transient |
Disease - any deviation form health where tissues and organs are damaged and disrupted
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The best descriptive term for the resident flora is
a) commensals b) pathogens c) contaminants d) parasites |
Resident flora are commensals
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The human body provides a favorable habitat for microorganisms. Which of the following does not contribute to the favorable habitat?
a) stable temperature b) extensive surfaces upon which to colonize c) constant source of nourishment d) relatively stable pH e) low levels of moisture |
Low levels of moisture do not contribute to a favorable habitat for microorganisms in the human body
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List Koch's Postulates
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1. Find evidence of a particular microbe in every case of a disease
2. Isolate that microbe form an infected subject and cultivate it artificially in the laboratory 3. Inoculate a suscpetible healthy subject with the laboratory isolate and observe the resultant of the disease 4. Reisolate the agent from this subject BIG TICKET ITEM |
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What greatly influences the presence and numbers of transient flora?
a) occupational exposure b) hygiene c) humidity d) oils e) clothing |
Hygiene greatly influences the presence and numbers of transient flora
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Resident Flora is commonly found in
a) liver b) kidney c) salivary glands d) urethra |
Resident flora is often found in the urethra
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What factor prevents the stomach from being colonized by microbes?
a) peristalsis b) digestive enzymes c) secretory IgA d) bile e) acids |
Acid prevents the stomach from being colonized by most microbes
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What is the definition of infection?
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A condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter tissues and multiple
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION |
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Why are human bites especially dangerous?
a) because the oral cavity and saliva contain high numbers of bacteria b) because saliva contains lysozyme c) because human teeth are exceedingly sharp d) because the protozoa in the mouth are harmful when transfered e) because normal flora of the mouth are pathogenic |
Because the oral cavity and saliva contain high numbers of bacteria
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Resident flora is absent from the
a) pharynx b) lungs c) intestine d) hair follicles |
Resident flora is not found in the lungs
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The first organisim(s) to colonize the respiratory tract are ________.
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Oral streptococci is the first organisism to colonize the digestive tract
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What is the definition of disease?
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any deviation form health dispruption of a tissue or organ caused by microbes of their products
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION |
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The _______ keeps the kidney, ureter, bladder, and upper urethra sterile
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The flow of urine keeps the kidney, ureter, bladder, and upper urethra sterile
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Virulence factors include
a) toxins b) capsules c) enzymes d) all of these |
Toxins, capsules, and and enzymes are all virluence factors
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Axenic animals display all but which of the following
a) degenerative diseases of the intestinal tract b) shortened lifespan c) absence of dental caries d) vitamin deficiencies e) increased sensitivity to enteric pathogens |
Axenic animals to not have a shortened life span
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What is the purpose of resident flora?
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to prevent the establishment of microbes that are not beneficial to the host, therefore disease production is restricted
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The greatest number of pathogens use ______ as a portal of entry
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The respiratory tract
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The _____ is the time that lapses between encounter with a pathogen and the first symptoms
a) prodrome b) period of invasion c) perdios of concalescence d) period of incubation |
The period of Incubation is the time that lapses between contact with a pathogen and the first symptoms
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What characteristics affects the extent to which an organism is carried into the brochial tree following inhalation
a) the eclectrostatic charge of the microorganism b) the size of the microorganism c) the breathing patterns of the host d) the status of the hosts immune system e) the presence or absence of flagella on the microorganism |
The size of the microorganism
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In the respiratory tract, where does the colonization of microbes usually take place?
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In the upper respiratory tract
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The specific action of hemolysis is _______.
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The specific action of hemolysis is to damage red blood cells
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What are the portals of entry?
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Skin
Gastrointestinal tract Respiratory tract Urogenital tract SHORT ANSWER QUESTION |
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A short period early in a disease that manifests with general malaise
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The short period of time that is early in a disease and manifests itself with general malaise is called prodrome
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What is the definition of a virulence factor?
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Te ability of the microbe to produce a product that will kill or compromise a hosts defense system
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What is bacteremia?
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Bacteremia is the presence of a few bacteria in the blood
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What is an Infectious dose (ID)?
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The minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed
microbes with small IDs have greater virulence Lack of IF will not result in infection |
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What is a nosocomial infection?
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An infection that is acquired at the hospital
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What are portals of exit?
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Respiratory, saliva
Skin scales Fecal exit Urogenital tract Removal of blood SHORT ANSWER QUESTION |
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A/an _____is a passive animal transporter of pathogens.
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A mechanical vector is a passive animal transporter of pathogens
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An example of a noncommunicable infection is
a) measles b) leprosy c) TB d) tetanus |
Tetanus is a non communicable disease
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General term that refers to an increased white blood cell count is
a) leukopenia b) inflammation c) leukocytosis d) leukemia |
Leukocytosis is a general term for an increased white blood cell count
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The occurrence of Lyme disease mainly in areas where certain species of ticks live would define it as a/an ______ disease.
a) pandemic b) epidemic c) endemic d) sporadic |
endemic
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A positive antibody test for HIV would be a _____ of infection.
a) sign b) symptom c) syndrome d) sequela |
It would be a sign of infection
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Which of the following would not be a portal of entry?
a) the meninges b) the placenta c) skin d) small intestine |
The meninges is not a portal of entry
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Which of the following is not a conditions of Koch's postulates?
a) isolate the causative agent b) cultivate the microbe in a lab c) inoculate a test animal to observe the disease d) test the effects of a pathogen on humans |
Testing the effects of a pathogen on a humans is not a condition of Koch's postulates
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