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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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window period of HBV infection
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no HbSAg or anti - HbSAg
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most specific marker for acute Hpe B
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IgM anti - HbC
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HBV carrer stat is defined as
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serum HbsAg for longer than 6 months
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mutations in what effect whether an enveloped virus's tissue tropism
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envelope glycoprotein
i.e. the Hemagluttinanin of Influinza A |
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ulcerative lesions on hte tongue are very characteristic of what disseminated fungal infection
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Histo
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associated with yellow green foamy and foul smelling vaginal discharge
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trichomonas
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pseudohyphae seen on KOH prep of vaginal discharge
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candida albicans
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grey discharge and a fishy odor that becomes more prominent with addition of KOH
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gardinella (vaginosis)
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does rheumatic fever occur after skin infections with strep
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nope only 4-6 weeks after pharyngitis infections
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patients with CGD are at an increased risk for what 5 bugs
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staph
pseudomonas serratia nocardia aspergillus they are all catalase positive |
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among tha acute viral exanthems, measles (rubeola) and german measles (rubella) are characterized by a maculopapular rash that begins
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on the face and spreads to include the trunk and extremitise
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among tha acute viral exanthems, measles (rubeola) and german measles (rubella) are characterized by a maculopapular rash that begins on the face and spreads to include the trunk and extremitise but what is particularly common in rubella (german measles)
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postauricular and occipital lymphadenopathy
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how does one prevent a baby from getting groub B (beta hemolytic bact resistant ) strep
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intrapartum ampicillin or penicillin but screening is at 35-37 weeks so know the weeks
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is there a vaccine for group B strep
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fuck No dont be fooled
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What is this bacteria: oxidase positive, gram negative, comma-shaped rods that survive on alkaline media
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Vibrio cholera
note Campylobacter is similar to this except it cannot survive on alkaline media |
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cholera and what other bug have the same toxin mech
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ETEC
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salmonella enteritis causes and
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invasive diarhrea without hemorrhage
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second most common cause of meningitis in patients less than 60
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N. Mening because the most common cause is Strp Pneu
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meningitis in neonates
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E. Coli, Group B, listeria
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S. Epidermidis isolates are susceptible in vitro to vancomycin and rifampin and are frequently ressistant to
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methicillin and nafcillin
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what is the MOA of methicillin resistance
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alteration in PBP
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works between viral penetration and viral uncoating
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amantadine
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works between packaging and assembly and viral release
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neuraminidase
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what type of H. Flu is part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract
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non typable
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C. perfringens causes
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late-onset fod poisoning and toxin mediated, late onset and clinically causes a transient watery diarrhea
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what give staph its ability to hemolyse
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hemolysin
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DNase is produced by Group...
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A strep (bacitracin sensitive)
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parvo viruse is what
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a ssDNA virus and causes erythema infectiosuum
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what causes ROseola Infantum
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Herpes 6
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herpes 6 causes roseola infantum and manifests as
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high fever that lasts for 3-5 days and resolves after the appearance of a maculopapular rash that starts on the trunk and spreads peripherally
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what does Toxin B (cytotoxin) of C. DIff do
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causes actin depolymerization, loss of cellular cytoskeleton integrity, cell death and mucosal necrosis
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what does toxin A (enterotoxin) of C. Diff do?
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acts as a PMN chemoattractant leading to mucosal inflammation, los of water into the gut lumen and mucosal death
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due picoRNAviruses have an envelope
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No PERCH Polio, echo rhino, coxsackie, HAV
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what does hepatitis D need
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requires HBsAg as its envelope
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pregnant hepatitis
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HEV (ss +RNA)
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the most common known viral cause of acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children is
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adeno virus (11, 21)
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norwalk virus is
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naked ssRNA CPR PAPP
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two examples of reovirus (dsRNA)
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rota and colorado tick fever
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specific confirmatory test of syphillis detects
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antibodies directed against treponemes and is carried out through indirect immunoflorescence of patient SERUM mixed with whole killed T. pallidum
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Mucicarmine stain is used to detect the polysach capsule of
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cryptococcus neoformans
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narrow based buds
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mucicarmine stained/india ink Cryptococcus neoform
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characteristic hyphae invading lung tissue
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aspergillosis
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name the dimorphic fungi
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SPorotrix, Coccidioides, Histo, blasto
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south carolina histoblast means
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the dimorphic fungi
sporotrix, coccidioides, histo and blasto |
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hyphae with doubly reflective wall
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coccidioides
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strep bovis is a noneterococcal group D strep and causes a
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subacute bacterial endocarditis
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S bovis subacute endocarditis is uniquie because
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it effects people with no preexisting valvular lesions
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scenario consistnet with Strep Viridans subacute bacterial endocarditis
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fatigue and exertional dyspnea three weeks after tooth extraction
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what are the strep bugs that can grow in 6.5 NaCl
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Enterococci and E, facium
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what is another name for shiga-like toxins
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vero toxins
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most common cause of septic arthritis in children and adults over 50
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Staph Aureus
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Animal contact is associated with dermatophytoses caused by
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microsporum species, for instance microsporum canis causes tinea capitis
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achalasia wether caused by infection or is always due to
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dysfunction of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus
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malaria like illness with a predilection for asplenic patients
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babesia divergens
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aquired by drinking infected milk or by direct contact with infected sheep and goats
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brucella melitensis
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what is the classic triad of congenital toxo
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hydrocephalus (evidenced by macrocephaly), intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis (white yellow lesions in both retina)
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with toxo the fetus is effected only if the mother is infected within
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the first 6 months
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the vascular rxn to endothelial and intimal injury is
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intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis mediated predominantly ly by reactive SMC that migrate from the media to the intima
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drug induced lupus has been linked to drugs that are metabolized by
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N-acetylation in the liver
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what are tow examples of drugs that cause lupus
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procainamide and hydralazine which are metabolized by acetylation
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oxygenated blood from the placenta is delivered to the fetus via the
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umbilical vein
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oxygenated blood from the placenta is delivered to the fetus via the umbilical vein and the remnant of the umbilical vein in adults is
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the ligamentum teres
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oxygenated blood from the placenta is delivered to the fetus via the umbilical vein and the remnant of the umbilical vein in adults is the ligamentum teres blood from the umbilical vein is first delivered to
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the liver
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oxygenated blood from the placenta is delivered to the fetus via the umbilical vein and the remnant of the umbilical vein in adults is the ligamentum teres blood from the umbilical vein is first delivered to the liver where it
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bypasses the hepatic circulation via the ductus venosus and enters the IVC
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does the SVC participate in the circulation of oxygenated blood in the fetus
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no it returns deoxygenated blood from the head and upper extremities
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ARP (attributable risk percent) or etiologic fraction represents
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the excessive risk in a population that can be explained by exposure to a particular risk factor = ARP = (RR-1)/RR
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the enzyme that cleaves that cleaves the chromogen during the final step of the HIV ELISA is attached to what
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Anti-human immunoglobulin
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what has capsular Lipooligosacharride (LOS)
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N meningitidis
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As in other gram negative infections, during the infectious process the growth and lysis of meningococci causes the release of
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outer membrane vesicles composed of LOS into the bloodstream. The severity of the meningococcal disease has been shown to corellate with increasing concentrations of OMV-bound LOS
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lidocaine selectively depresses
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conduction in rapidly depolarizing and depolarized myocardial cells as are found in ischemic myocardium
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agent of choice for prevention and treatment of post MI arrhythmias
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class IB lidocaine
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most commonly dislocated joint in the body and anterior dislocations are the most common
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dislocation between the humoral head and the glenoid fossa
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fall on outstretched hand causes right shoulder pain flattening of right deltiod and insensivity to pinprick over the skin
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when the head of the humerus is displaced anteriorly there is flattening of the deltoid prominence protrusion of the acromium and anterior axillary fullness the axillary nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor and provides sensory to the lateral arm
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fall on out stretch arm does what
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anterior dislocation of the humeral head and glenoid fossa injuring axillary nerve (deltoid, teres minor and skin pain laterally)
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CCH means
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the three major causes of esophagitis in HIV candida CMV and herpes
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Isosspora belli
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causes profuse watery diarrhea in HIV patients
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required cofactor for the first step in HEME synthesis
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B6
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what are the three stop codons
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UAA, UAG, UGA
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Phase 0-4 what is responsible (Ventricular myocyte)
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Sodium influx 0
1 - short repol via outward K 2. Plataeu inward calcium and outward K 3. repolarization (k runs out) 4. RMP at 90 |
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provides the greatest summated frictional resistance to airflow in normal airways
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Medium and small sized bronchi greater than 2mm in diameter
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vitamin A toxicity
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papilledema, hepatitis and dry skin
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corneal vascularization
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riboflavin def
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precipitate withdrawal symptoms
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using drugs with partial agonist activity
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why is the withdrawal from methadone not very severe
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methadone binds to protein in many tissues, after chronic dosing it accumulates significantly in tissues
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the delta agent is able to cause hepatitis with direct HBV assistance in
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coating of viral particles
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how does N-acytylcystein work in treating cystic fibrosis
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reduces intermolecular disulfide bridges
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20-40 times more likely to develop ALL than the general population
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downs
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discontinuity of staining on the long arm of the X csome
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fragile X with large testes and
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karyotype analysis of cells cultured in a folate deficient media
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fragile X discontinuity of the long arm of x
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drugs used to treat glaucoma either decrease the production of aqueous humor or increase its outflow timolol and other Beta blockers work by
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diminishing the secretion of aqueous humor by the cilliary epithelium. acetazolamide can also do this
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prostaglandins like latanoprost, unoprostone and travoprost as well as cholomimetics decrease intraocular pressure by
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increasing the outflow of the aqueous humor
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cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine and carbachol) cause miosis by promoting
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contraction of the iris sphincter which causes the anterior chamber to become wider making the trabecular meshwork more accesible to outflow
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