Micro-Virology

Front 1

Disruption of cytoskeleton:

Back 1

accumulation of non enveloped viruses;

Front 2

Alteration of cell permeability:

Back 2

Togavirus, Herpes viruses

Front 3

Alteration of cell membrane structure:

Back 3

enveloped viruses

Front 4

Inhibition and degradation of cellular DNA:

Back 4

Herpes viruses

Front 5

Inhibition of cellular protein synthesis:

Back 5

polio, HSV, togavirus, pox virus

Front 6

Antigenic shift/drift/ variation:

Back 6

HIV, influenza, hepatitis C, rotavirus

Front 7

Establish latent infection/immunologically silent:

Back 7

herpes virus

Front 8

Hide in immunologically privileged sites:

Back 8

herpes viruses, JC viruses, polyoma, papilloma

Front 9

Inhibition of IFN antiviral activity:

Back 9

adenovirus, hepb, herpes, polio, influenza

Front 10

Syncytia formation: direct cell to cell spread;

Back 10

HSV, VZV, paramyxovirus, retrovirus

Front 11

inactivation of complement:

Back 11

HSV

Front 12

IFN-alpha produced by

Back 12

leukocytes

Front 13

IFN-gamma produced by

Back 13

NK cell and activated T cells

Front 14

IFN-beta produced by

Back 14

fibroblasts and epithelial cells

Front 15

Very short < 1 week: manifest at site of entry

Back 15

acute respiratory disease (adeno), common cold(rhino), croup (parainfluenza) and bronchiolitis (RSV) , influenza

Front 16

Negri bodies (intracytoplasmic);

Back 16

Rabies

Front 17

Toxicity of virion components:

Back 17

adenovirus fibres

Front 18

Perinuclear cytoplasmic acidophilic;

Back 18

reovirus

Front 19

Intracytoplasmic acidophilic;

Back 19

Poxvirus

Front 20

Intranuclear basophilic;

Back 20

adenovirus

Front 21

Owl’s eye (intranuclear);

Back 21

CMV

Front 22

Cowdry type A (intranuclear);

Back 22

HSV, SSPE (measles)

Front 23

Enfuviritide

Back 23

Blocks HIV-1 entry into host cell by inhibiting the fusion of gp 41 with CD4+ cells

Front 24

Acyclovir (acycloguanosine)
Guanosine analog
Penciclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir

Back 24

Inhibit viral DNA polymerase by causing premature chain termination;
Activation/phosphorylation by HSV encoded thymidine kinase (TK)
HSV, VZV

Front 25

Ganciclovir

Back 25

Inhibit viral DNA polymerase by causing premature chain termination. Activation/phosphorylation by CMV encoded thymidine kinase

CMV

Front 26

Ribavirini

Back 26

Lethally mutate the viral RNA genome
Nucleoside analogue of guanine
Phosphorylated by host cellular enzymes

RSV, Chronic hep C, Lassa fever

Front 27

Azidothymidine (zidovudine)
Didanosine
Lamivudine
Stavudine
zalcitabine

Back 27

Inhibit viral Reverse transcriptase enzyme; cause premature chain termination; activated by host cell enzymes

HIV

Front 28

Foscarnet

Back 28

Binds to viral DNA polymerase and inhibits its activity;
Requires no activation

CMV

Front 29

Nevirapine
Delaviridine
Efavirenz

Back 29

Bind to specific sites on reverse transcriptase different from the substrate binding site

HIV

Front 30

Cidofovir

Back 30

Converted by cellular kinases to its active phosphorylated form which acts like as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

CMV, HSV, HPV, JC

Front 31

Fomivirsen

Back 31

Antisense oligonucleotide binds to CMV mRNA, degrades RNA and prevents protein synthesis

CMV

Front 32

Protease inhibitors of retroviruses
Indinavir
Ritonavir
saquinavir

Back 32

Bind to and inhibit protease enzyme which is needed to cleave the precursor structural proteins necessary for the assembly of viral capsids and infectious virus

HIV

Front 33

Oseltamivir( Tamiflu)
Zanamivir (Relenza)

Back 33

Neuraminidase inhibitors; are sialic acid analogues which block the active site of viral neuraminidase responsible for cleaving sialic acid on the cell surface and releasing the virus
Block the release of influenza virus from infected cells and reduce their spread

Influenza A and B