Micro Lecture 10/25 Ch.13 Viruses, Viroids, Prions

Front 1

7 General Characteristics of Virus

Back 1

Obligate intracellular parasites, contain DNA or RNA,
3.contain protein coat
4. some enclosed by envelope
5. some have spikes
6.most infect specific kinds of cells
7.host range determined by attachment sites

Hint 1

OIP, DOR,PC,EBE,SHS,SKOC,HR

Front 2

obligate intracellular parasites

Back 2

need a living cell to survive

Front 3

host range

Back 3

things a virus can infect

Front 4

what determines host range?

Back 4

attachment sites, cellular factors

Front 5

parts of virion

Back 5

nucleic acid, capsid, sometimes envelope, sometimes spikes

Front 6

capsids are made of

Back 6

capsomeres, which are made of proteins

Front 7

capsomeres are made of

Back 7

proteins

Front 8

envelope is made of

Back 8

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

Front 9

spikes are made of

Back 9

carbs

Front 10

spikes need what to be on there?

Back 10

envelope

Front 11

4 shapes of viruses

Back 11

polyhedral, helical, enveloped helical, t-even bacteriophage

Front 12

example of polyhedral virus

Back 12

mastadenovirus

Front 13

which shape is mastadenovirus?

Back 13

polyhedral

Front 14

example of helical virus

Back 14

ebola

Front 15

ebola is what shape

Back 15

helical

Front 16

example of enveloped helical virus

Back 16

influenza

Front 17

influenza is what shape?

Back 17

enveloped helicle

Front 18

envelope is made of

Back 18

lipid, protein, carb

Front 19

example of T-even bacteriophage

Back 19

Orthopoxvirus

Hint 19

o

Front 20

orthopoxvirus is what shape?

Back 20

T-even bacteriophage

Front 21

parts of a T-even bacteriophage

Back 21

capsid head, capsomere sheath, baseplate with pins, tail fiber

Front 22

which kind of virus looks evil like a spider

Back 22

T-even bacteriophage

Front 23

suffix for family names of viruses

Back 23

-viridae

Front 24

suffix for genus name of virus

Back 24

-virus

Front 25

herpes family name

Back 25

herpesviridae

Front 26

retrovirus family name

Back 26

retroviridae

Front 27

herpes genus name, aids genus name

Back 27

herpesvirus, lentivirus

Front 28

Virus subspecies designated by what?

Back 28

a number

Front 29

a number denotes what?

Back 29

virus subspecies

Front 30

-viradae: is it for family, genus, or subgenus in viruses?

Back 30

family

Front 31

-virus: suffix for family, genus or subspecies?

Back 31

genus

Front 32

ssDNA, dsDNA stand for what?

Back 32

single stranded, double stranded

Front 33

Parvoviridae what shape? causes what?

Back 33

ssdna nonenveloped, causes anemia dand 5th disease

Front 34

Important genera of adenoviridae, causes what?

Back 34

Mastadenovirus, respiratory infection in humans, tumors in animals

Hint 34

m

Front 35

Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae what shape?

Back 35

dsDNA enveloped

Front 36

Picornviridae, Calicivirdae what shape?

Back 36

ssRNA + strand nonenveloped

Front 37

+, - strand mean what

Back 37

sense, antisense strand

Front 38

Togaviridae, Flaviviridae what shape?

Back 38

ssRNA + strand enveloped

Front 39

Rhabdoviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviradae, Deltaviridae what shape?

Back 39

- Strand, one strand RNA

Front 40

Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae, what shape?

Back 40

- Strand, 2+ strand RNA

Front 41

retroviridae, what category?

Back 41

produce DNA category

Front 42

Reovindae what category?

Back 42

dsRNA nonenvelope

Front 43

Viruses must be grown in ____

Back 43

living cells

Front 44

things to grow viruses in (5)

Back 44

bacterial cells, primary cell cultures, transformed cell line cultures, embryonated eggs, whole animals

Hint 44

BC, PCC, TCLC, EE,WA

Front 45

What do bacteriophages form on a lawn of bacteria?

Back 45

plaques

Front 46

where do bacteriophages form plaques?

Back 46

lawns of bacteria

Front 47

what is the term for the amount of virus needed to initiate an infection?

Back 47

multiplicity of infection

Hint 47

moi

Front 48

what quantifies plaques? what does it stand for?

Back 48

PFU/ml-Plaque Forming Units

Front 49

transformed cell line. does it live for a while or just a bit?

Back 49

transformed cell lines are continuous and can go on forever

Front 50

degeneration of cells over time caused by viruses

Back 50

cytopathic effect

Front 51

cytopathic effect

Back 51

degeneration of cells over time caused by viral infection.

Front 52

newly isolated cell line is called what?

Back 52

primary cell culture

Front 53

animal and plant viruses can be grown in what?

Back 53

cell culture

Front 54

animal cells can be grown in what three vectors?

Back 54

cell culture, embryonated eggs, whole animals

Front 55

what vector is most useful for poxviruses? what other virus does well in this vector?

Back 55

eggs, influenza

Front 56

Four methods for identifying viruses

Back 56

Cytopathic Effects, Serological Tests, RFLPs, PCR

Hint 56

CE,ST,RF...,P...

Front 57

Viruses have a lot or few replication genes?

Back 57

just a few

Front 58

eclipse period

Back 58

period during which viruses are multiplying in cells and active virii not in the system

Front 59

which viral activity cycle results in the death of the cell?

Back 59

lytic cycle

Front 60

which cycle doesn't kill the cell as long as nothing goes wrong?

Back 60

lysogenic cycle

Front 61

steps of lytic cycle (5)

Back 61

Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation, Release

Hint 61

A,P,B,M,R

Front 62

Steps of lysogenic cycle

Back 62

repressors bind and block transcription of other phages, prophage DNA incorporated in host DNA, phage conversion, Transduction of the specialized or generalized sort

Front 63

Steps of transduction (general, 5)

Back 63

1.phage infects donor cell
2. phage DNA/proteins made, bacterial chromosome broken.
3. Sometimes, bacterial DNA packaged in phage capsid. Donor cell lyses and releases phage particles containing bacterial DNA.
4.Phage-carrying bacterial DNA infects a new host cell.
5. Recombination can occur, producing recombinant child cell.

Front 64

Specialized transduction

Back 64

Prophage exists in galactose-using host containing gal gene
-phage genome excises, carrying with it the adjacent gai gene
-phage infects a cell that lacks -gai gene and can't use galactose
-prophage and gai gene become integrated into host's DNA

Front 65

what is the result o fspecialized transduction?

Back 65

the host cell can use galactose

Front 66

which cycle actually gives something to the host cell rather than killing it?

Back 66

lysogenic cycle

Front 67

6 steps-multiplication of animal viruses

Back 67

1.attachment 2.penetration 3.uncoating 4. biosynthesis 5. maturation 6. release

Front 68

7 steps multiplication of DNA virus

Back 68

virion attaches to host cell
2.virion enters cell, DNA uncoated
3.portion of viral DNA is transcribed, producing mRNA
4.Viral DNA replicated, viral proteins made.
5.Late translation; capsid proteins synthesized.
6.Virions mature.
7.Virions released.

Front 69

After uncoating, which RNA virus can synthesize proteins directly?

Back 69

ss+RNA

Front 70

after uncoating, which RNA virus must transcribe a + strand? why?

Back 70

ssRNA- (antisense RNA virus)

Front 71

Multiplication of a retrovirus-steps

Back 71

1.enters
2.uncoating
3.reverse transcription of viral RNA
4.viral DNA transported into host cell's nucleus; integrated into host cell's DNA by viral integrase
5.Transcription of provirus may also occur to make RNA for retrovirus capsid, enzymes, envelope proteins
6.Viral Proteins processed by viral protease, some moved to host plasma membrane
7. retrovirus leaves the host cell, stealing envelope and attachment spikes