Micro Lab Final Vocabulary

Front 1

MORPHOLOGY

Back 1

Branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of organisims without consideration of function.

Front 2

PARFOCAL

Back 2

As the object lenses are changed, the specimen remains in focus.

Front 3

RESOLUTION (Resolving Power)

Back 3

The ability to distinguish two objects as separate and distinct

Front 4

WORKING DISTANCE

Back 4

The distance between the lens and the slide when the specimen is in sharp focus.

Front 5

AGAR

Back 5

gel-like polysaccharide isolated from red algae and used as thickening agent

Front 6

AGAR DEEP

Back 6

Any solid media in a tube solidified while the tube is vertical.

Front 7

AGAR PLATE

Back 7

Used for isolating organisims from solid media in a petri dish.

Front 8

AGAR SLANT

Back 8

Test tube containing agar that solidified while the tube was resting at an angle.

Front 9

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

Back 9

Set of specific practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by any foreign microbes.

Front 10

AUTOCLAVE

Back 10

Device that uses steam heat under pressure to sterilize chemicals and objects that can tolerate moist heat.

Front 11

BROTH

Back 11

A liquid nutrient- rich medium used for cultivating microorganisims

Front 12

INCINERATOR (used in lab)

Back 12

Used to sterilize inoculating loops using dry heat.

Front 13

INOCULATING LOOP

Back 13

Made of platinum or wire used to streak, smear or take a sample from a culture. also inoculate broths.

Front 14

INOCULATING NEEDLE

Back 14

Used to transfer bacteria from a culture to a tube from a deep.

Front 15

ISOLATED COLONY

Back 15

Result of a single bacterium which has replicated many times and eventually formed a visible lump of genetically identical bacteria on the surface of a solid medium.

Front 16

NUTRIENTS

Back 16

Any chemical such as carbon, hydrogen act. required for growth of microbial populations obtained by environment.

Front 17

PETRI DISH

Back 17

Dish filled with solid medium used in culturing microorgamisms (shallow dish with loose fitting lid)

Front 18

STERILIZATION

Back 18

The eradication of all organisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses in or on an object.

Front 19

COLONY FORMING UNIT (cfu)

Back 19

Form when single microorganisms form and grow on a solid or semi- solid surface - it adheres to the surface to form daughter cells then undergoes more growth and development

Front 20

PURE CULTURE

Back 20

Contains a single species of organism

Front 21

HETEROCYSTS

Back 21

Differentiated cells that are specialized for nitrogen fixation. (keep resting spores alive)

Front 22

AKINETES

Back 22

Thick walled resting spores resistent to unfavorable environmental conditions.

Front 23

CONTAMINANT

Back 23

Unwanted microorganisms

Front 24

EMULSIFY

Back 24

Mix cells with water until one has a smooth even suspention

Front 25

HEAT FIX

Back 25

Technique that uses the heat to adhere a smear to a slide or use a slide warmer.

Front 26

CHROMOPHORE

Back 26

An atom or group whose presence is responsible for the color of a compound (colored part of the dye)

Front 27

SIMPLE STAIN

Back 27

A stain composed of a single dye such as crystal violet.

Front 28

BASIC STAIN

Back 28

Give up an OH- ions leaving a positive (+) charge. Attracted to the cells acidic proteins and DNA (crystal violet or methylene blue)

Front 29

ACIDIC STAIN

Back 29

Nigrosin and Eosin Dye with an anionic chromosphere (used for staining blood cells)

Front 30

DIFFERENTIAL STAIN

Back 30

A stain using more than 1 dye so that different structures can be distinguished (Gram stain) Use multiple dyes and use of a decolorizor

Front 31

PRIMARY STAIN

Back 31

The initial dye that colors all cells

Front 32

MORDANT

Back 32

A substance that binds to a dye and makes it less soluble

Front 33

DECOLORIZOR

Back 33

A solution that washes the primary stain away from a specific portion some cells or structures.

Front 34

COUNTER STAIN

Back 34

Gives contrasting color to other stains and structures.

Front 35

What color should Gram + bacteria appear following the Gram stain procedure?

Back 35

PURPLE

Front 36

What color should Gram - bacteria appear following the Gram stain procedure?

Back 36

REDDISH PURPLE (pink)

Front 37

ENDOSPORE

Back 37

Environmentally resistant structure produced by the transformation of a vegetative cell of the gram + genera

Front 38

FORESPORE

Back 38

Structure in which endospores produce results from binary fission. (internal daughter cell)

Front 39

FREE SPORES

Back 39

Non-reproductive structures that are produced by bacteria

Front 40

GERMINATION

Back 40

Endospore breaks dormancy and returns to a metabolically active state

Front 41

SPORULATION(sporogenesis)

Back 41

Production of spore formation of endospores

Front 42

Spore location: CENTRAL ENDOSPORE

Back 42

Spores located in the middle of the cell

Front 43

Spore location: SUBTERMINAL ENDOSPORE

Back 43

Spore located between the poles and center of the cell (near but not at one end of the cell)

Front 44

Spore location:TERMINAL ENDOSPORE

Back 44

Spores located at the end of the cell (found at poles of cell)

Front 45

VEGETATIVE CELL

Back 45

Metabolically active, capable of growth and reproduction

Front 46

Bacillus Calmette Guerin- BCG

Back 46

Used as anti- TB vaccine

Front 47

MYCOLIC ACIDS

Back 47

Waxy substance that gives the acid-fast cells a higher affinity for the primary stain and resistance to decolorization by an acid-alcohol solution.

Front 48

TUBERCLE

Back 48

Swelling characteristic lesion of TB occurring in the lungs of patients with TB

Front 49

Some factors that may induce formation of spores in bacteria include:

Back 49

Heat
pH(high or low)
Environmental toxins
Shortage of nutrients
Radiation

Front 50

Some factors that may influence germination of spores in bacteria include:

Back 50

Change in environment
Optimal pH
H2O is present always

Front 51

LITMUS MILK

Back 51

Complete media containing Azolitmin (pH indicator) and skim milk used primarily to differentiate members within the genus Clostridium.

Front 52

NIGROSIN

Back 52

Negative charged stain, acid dye black in color

Front 53

NEGATIVE STAIN

Back 53

Used to determine morphology and cellular arrangement in bacteria that are too delicate to withstand heat fixing. (background is stained and cell or subject is clear)

Front 54

POSITIVE STAIN

Back 54

Cell or subject of interest is stained and the background is clear

Front 55

SLIME LAYER

Back 55

Loose, water soluble glycocalyx

Front 56

GLYCOCALYX

Back 56

Sticky, external sheath of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells composed of polysaccharides. mucoid layer surrounds bacterial cells

Front 57

CAPSULE

Back 57

Subject of interest glycolux that are composed of repeating units of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cells surface (not soluble in water)

Front 58

SYNTHETIC (Defined) MEDIA

Back 58

Culture medium whose exact chemical composition is known.

Front 59

COMPLEX MEDIA

Back 59

Differs slightly from batch to batch, one chemically undefinable substance. (blood and milk)

Front 60

ALL PURPOSE GROWTH MEDIA

Back 60

Routinely used to culture bacteria. Complex media- general purpose wide range TSA

Front 61

ENRICHED MEDIA

Back 61

Contains additional growth factors to support the growth of fastidious organisms.

Front 62

SELECTIVE MEDIA

Back 62

Contains chemicals that inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria without inhibiting the growth of the desired organism

Front 63

DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

Back 63

Contains nutrients and additives that allow a particular type of organism to be easily identified by visible changes between dis similar organisms

Front 64

ANTIBIOTICS

Back 64

Naturally produced antimicrobial

Front 65

ANTIMICROBIAL

Back 65

Drug used to treat infectious disease

Front 66

BACTERIOSTATIC

Back 66

Antimicrobial agent or condition that halts bacterial growth but does not kill the cell

Front 67

BACTERIOCIDAL

Back 67

Substance that kills bacteria and ideally nothing else

Front 68

SEEDED BACTERIAL LAWN

Back 68

Smooth evenly distributing culture over entire agar. Continuous cover on surface of growth medium.

Front 69

ZONE OF INHIBITION

Back 69

Clear area around the ATB disk that occurs from performing the Kirby Bauer method. Occurs after incubation where growth was inhibited by antimicrobial.

Front 70

American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)

Back 70

Maintains pedigree typed cultures

Front 71

SYNERGISM

Back 71

Pulling toward each other, distortion in shape and zone (2 drugs that work better together)

Front 72

ANTAGONISM

Back 72

Pulling away from each other. (work against each other)

Front 73

GAMMA HEMOLYSIS

Back 73

Grows on the media but does not hemolize blood
(Staphylococcus epidermidis)

Front 74

BETA HEMOLYSIS

Back 74

Clear area extending from the streak line; lyses blood cells and completely degrades hemoglobin. (Streptococcus progenies)

Front 75

ALPHA HEMOLYSIS

Back 75

Partial clearing with greenish cast. (Streptococcus bovis)