Micro Lab 3

Front 1

1: This MoldHouse - Stachybotrys fungus Where did this fungus come from? What symptoms does fungalinfection from Stachybotrys cause in people? What can be done to repairfungal damage to the house?

Back 1

Where didthis fungus come from?It’s presenteverywhere, but water damage plus the building materials gave it an opportunity to flourish. What symptoms does fungalinfection from Stachybotrys cause in people? Memory loss,seizures, bloody cough/ bleeding lungs, diarrhea, vomiting, loss of equilibrium/dizziness,lack of concentration. What can be done to repairfungal damage to the house? Remove alldamaged building materials asap, by professionals. Because of fungalspores, don’t chance the risk of bringing the fungus with you to new place or shitty repair jobs.i

Front 2

2. Life saver- Group B Streptococcus How can this infection be prevented?{.2@

Back 2

How can this infection be prevented? Because it isspread from Mum to baby, and 25-30%of women have it, women are testedfor it at 35-37 weeks, and treated during labour (with antibiotics).Women don’t get treated beforethis because the microbe can regrow.306364"/>

Front 3

2. Mysterious Turn - Transverse Myelitis According to the parents, howdid their child get this disease?f

Back 3

T M affectsthe spinal cord nerves,”ravishing” them. The parents think a Hepatitis vaccine caused it. 25 - 30viruses are associated with transverse myelitis. Also associated with auto immune diseases, neoplastic,vascular dz and drug abuse. dPC

Front 4

Snyder Test

Back 4

Purpose: Designedto measure dental caries susceptibility, caused primarily by Lactobacillus(and oral Streptococci, but we looked at Lactobacillus activity).Medium: Snyder Test Agar(deep) Selective medium,as it promotes growth of Lactobacillus andoral Streptococci (Gram positive rods) Differentialmedium with a pH indicator, Bromcresol green, which is green at pH 4.8 and above. Yellow colour formation indicates fermentation of GLUCOSE, and apH of less than pH 4.8. (I made a note in my lab bookabout being “Hyperosmotic”)9WDnZ.j@

Front 5

Hemolysin(Streptococcus)

Back 5

Streak used: single zig-zag streakin four quadrants for our lab Hemolysin Purpose:To identify different kinds of hemolysisfrom normal flora on our skin or mucusmembranes. The bacteria Streptococcus havemore hemolysins than all other bacteria. Hemolysis: destruction of redblood cells. Hemolysins:Exotoxins that are able to destroy red blood cells and hemoglobin. Medium:Blood Agar (Differential medium)Two main components = 5% sheep blood(differential ingredient) and Tryptic soy agar(tryptic = animal derivatives, soy = plant derivatives).<$.M@

Front 6

AlphaHemolysis==4BXw

Back 6

Partiallysis of RBC; resulting in greenish brown halo around colonies.

Front 7

BetaHemolysis==4BXw

Back 7

Complete lysisof RBC; loss of red from agar, leaving a yellow halo..dPC

Front 8

Gammahemolysis==4BXw

Back 8

No hemolytic actions; no change inagar around colonies.

Front 9

2. Nowhere to hide - E.coli 0157:H7 How can this microbe be spread?

Back 9

2. Nowhere to hide - E.coli 0157:H7 How can this microbe be spread? Ingestion ofwater (contaminated well water by animal fecal matter), raw produce, meat,raw apple juice (un-pasteurized from odwalla). Users!.HA

Front 10

Snyder Test Procedure:

Back 10

Collect a saliva sample in asterile test tube, roll it between your hands, and transfer0.25 mls with apipette into the tube containing the MELTEDSnyder’s test agar. Don’t touchthe tube OR the agar with the pipette! Roll again to insure mixing occurs. Incubate at 37degrees, examine every 24 hours. Read results from chart below, fromwhen the medium turns YELLOW:\s284I6Voڼsc{>"=_8tPNa?L

Front 11

2. Touchy Subject- Contamination in home and public placesWhat do you do differently at home etc now that you know?

Back 11

Use bleach, hand washing, don’ttouch face, etc, etc, etc.?

Front 12

Chapter12 - Kingdom Fungi! The study of fungi = ?

Back 12

Mycology

Molds,yeasts, mushrooms. Uses organicmolecules. saprophytes (dead stuff) but parasitic if feeding on living stuff (ie,us). Spores! Secrete antibacterial properties, no photosynthesis; they are decomposers and release enzymes to dothis. Lichens are a green algae and fungisymbiosis.

Front 13

Teleomorphs vs. Anamorphs (Fungi)

Back 13

Anamorphs= Asexual spores only

Telemorphs (complete)= sexual & asexual phase->spores

Complete life cycle: Sexual phase ----> spores --------||---------- TelemorphsAsexualphase ---> spores -------| (Telemorph = sexual reproduction stage)Asexualspores only = Anamorphs (Anamorphs =asexual reproductive stage)tPNa?

Front 14

Unicellular Fungi

Back 14

Yeast: 1) budding (unequal cytoplasm) 2) Fission (equal cytoplasm)

Front 15

Mycorrhizae

Back 15

Symbiotic relationship between fungus and plant.

Front 16

Symbiotic relationship betweenfungi (Phylum Ascomycota) and a phototroph(green algae or cyanobacteria, and usually inwater).

Back 16

Lichens

Front 17

Name Domain, Kingdom and Phylum and Genus for Zygospores (sexual) and sporangiospores (asexual)

Back 17

Eukarya, Fungi, Phylum Zygomycota, Genus, Rhizopus

Front 18

Dom, King, Phy, and Genus: ascospores( asexual) conidia (asexual spores)

Back 18

Eukarya, Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Genus: Aspergillus, Penicillium, & Candida

Front 19

D, K, P, & G for: basidiospores (sexual)

Back 19

Eukarya, Fungi, Phylum Basidiomycota, Coprinus

Front 20

Fungaldiseases are called ?

Back 20

MYCOSES (Mycosis = singular) The number offungal diseases are on the rise (EID). Often act as opportunists. Pathogensthat fungi produce are called MYCOTOXINS. 5

Front 21

Fungi Cell Walls and Membrane?

Back 21

Cell walls of CHITIN, cellmembranes contain ERGOSTEROL (a kind of sterol, but not cholesterol). Unicellular fungi = Yeasts (Budding yeasts = unequal cytoplasm) (Fission yeasts = equal cytoplasm)Multicellular fungi = Molds (strands, multicellular)

Front 22

alternatingbetween yeasts and molds morphology is?

Back 22

DIMORPHIC

Front 23

Thestrands of fungal cells are?

Back 23

HYPHAE: The strands of fungalcells, singular = hypha. Vegetative hyphae = parallel Aerial Hyphae =right angles, standing “up” and have spore formingcharacteristics. These hyphae are chains of cells, which may or may not keep the cellwalls intact (between cells).

Front 24

Ifthe hyphae have walls ?

Back 24

SEPTATE

Front 25

Ifhyphae don’t have walls?

Back 25

SEPTATE

Front 26

Bundlesof hyphae (ie the stalk of mushrooms).

Back 26

MYCELIA

Front 27

Comparing Fungito Bacteria: FUNGI:

Back 27

FUNGI:1) Like more acidic pH thanbacteria (pH 5) 2) Molds = aerobic, but yeasts arefacultative anaerobes 3) Most fungi are more resistant toosmotic pressure changes than bacteria and cangrow at higher sugar and salt concentrations (ie hypertonic environments). 4) Fungi grow at lower moisture conditions. 5) Require less nitrogen than bacteria. 6) Can use complex carbohydrates(lignin, cellulose) and bacteria can not.

Front 28

Explain Lichens

Back 28

LICHENS = fungi and phototroph symbionts Three morphologies: 1) crustose (crusty looking) 2) foliose (leaf like) 3) fruticose (spiny or spiky)

Front 29

Protozoan Characteristics:Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista

Back 29

Characteristics Additional Notes No cell walls Some have flexible layer called a PELLICLE. Others may have rigid shell of inorganic materials (ie, cheap body armor) Most = AEROBIC CHEMOHETEROTROPHS Some photoautotrophs, and a few anaerobic forms Free living forms may = ingest other organisms (yeasts, bacteria or other protozoa), or particles for food. May exhibit primitive digestive systems. Parasitic forms = derive nutrients from host’s body fluids Complex Life Cycle Many have a metabolically active form called a TROPHOZOITE (vegetative), and inactive form called a CYST. Cysts tend to be very resistant forms. Division = Most can divide asexually by FISSION, BUDDING, or SCHIZOGONY (multiple fissions). Sexual reproduction Occurs in some. Paramecium undergo conjugation. Other protozoa produce GAMETES via meiosis, which fuse to form ZYGOTES. Parasitic forms may have many HOSTS DEFINITIVE HOST = houses the parasite in SEXUALLY MATURE form. INTERMEDIATE HOST = harbour parasite in sexually immature form. Note: Malaria - people = intermediate host Motility Occurs at some point in life cycle for all protozoans. Adults have FLAGELLA, CILIA, or move by PSEUDOPODS. m

Front 30

D, K, P, common name 4 Helminths

Back 30

2) Helminths Roundworms:Phylum Nematoda (very diverse)Flatworms:

Phylum Platyhelminthes
-Segmented flatworms: tapeworms(Class Cestoda)
-Non segmented flatworms: Flukes(Class Trematoda)07-24+15%3A03%3A54"

Front 31

D, K, P, & common name: Ectoparasites

Back 31

Phylum Arthropoda Insects: 6legged adults (flies fleas, mozzies)Non-insects: 8 legged adults (ticks, mites)

Front 32

PARASITE TRANSMISSION

Back 32

1) Arthropoda vector (most common) 2) Ingestion (eating or drinking) 3) Sexual contacto

Front 33

DISCOVERY VIDEO: Parasites EatingUs Alive Q) How have humans tried to combat parasites?n

Back 33

- Pesticides (DDT), eradication efforts - Drug or vaccine development - Control the spread - Better water treatments,filtering water - Biological control (parasitesfor the parasites) - Proper storage of food/ publichealth educations, food safety - Sanitation

Front 34

D, K, P, for: Entamoeba. And Disease, Transmission, and affected Organs.

Back 34

A SUMMARY OF THE PROTOZOAN DISEASES Organism (genus name): Entamoeba Disease: Amoebicdysentery (bloody, projectilediarrhea) (amoebiasis) Transmission:Water or foodAffected organs: Intestines, liver,lungs