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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The primary and secondary lymphoid tissues are
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Primary: bone marrow & thymus
Secondary: spleen, nodes, MALT (adenoids, tonsils) and GALT (peyer's patches) |
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The three dendritic cell types are
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Immature: phagocytose until 'danger signal' is found
Mature: activated dendritic cells that display fragment on cell surface for T cell activation Follicular: pick up immune complexes to display to B cells in follicles for plasma or memory cell differentiation |
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The 5 leukocyte types are
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Neutrophils
Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes Lymphocytes |
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What cells are phagocytic?
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Neutrophils: acute inflammation
Macrophages: repair, clean up, activation Dendritic cells |
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How are macrophages activated?
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Antibodies or T cells
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Systemic viral infections are prevented by
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in blood of intestine
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How are dendritic cells activated?
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By cytokines from macrophages, microbial contents
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What are antimicrobial peptides?
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Cationic, amphipathic defensin proteins secreted in areas that could be inhibited by microbe growth on epithelium - located in neutrophil granules
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Antimicrobial peptides are located where?
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Alpha: neutrophils, paneth of sm intestine, urogenital
Beta: lung, stomach, male reproductive tract, kidney, uterus, skin Cathelicidins: oral mucosa, macrophages |
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What is the defense mechanism for defensins?
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Bind to acidic phospholipid negative charges and generate pore in membrane
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The function of collectins and ficolins is
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To increase phagocytosis and activate complement
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The three pathways of complement are
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Classical
Leptin Alternative |
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Summarize the classical and leptin pathways
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Classical: C1q binds IgG or IgM and activates C1r --> C1s --> cleaves C4 --> C4b binds C2 --> cleavage leads to C4b + C2b --> cleaves C3 --> C3b goes on to land nearby C4bC2b or C3bBb and recruit/cleave C5 ---> recruits C6-9 for MAC
Leptin the same except for MLB binds mannose to activate MASPS to cleave C4 |
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What happens in the alternate pathway of complement?
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C3b in cytosol is bound by B, cleaved by factor D to C3bBb, stabilized by properdin, cleaved to same products to activate MAC
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What Ig's activate classical complement?
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IgG (2)
IgM (1) |
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Sentinel cells in immune tissue include
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Macrophages, mast cells, immature dendritic cells
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Sentinel cells utilize what for danger signal propogation?
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TLR's NODS
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The arachidonic acid derivatives in inflammation are
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Prostoglandins (can be blocked by COX2)
Leukotrienes |
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Summarize the recruitment and diapedesis of WBC's
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TNF and IL-1 secretion from macrophage pushes Selectin to the surface which binds the leukocyte. A chemokine on the cell cause beta-2 integrin to be in high-affinity state and bind VCAM on endothelial wall. The WBC then does transmigration into tissue (mediated by PECAM) and heads to bacteria site via chemotaxis
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Fever is induced how and by what?
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Hypothalamus
IL-1 and 6 |
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The three responses of type 1 interferon include
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Inhibition of:
Translation via PKR binding dsRNA mRNA and rRNA degradation Transcription inhibition for virus assembly |
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The most powerful macrophage activator is
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IFN-gamma
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How are type 1 interferons released?
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Dead cell can send out interferon to neighbors and activate antiviral mechanisms to inhibit hijacking
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