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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the role of the innate immune system? |
Early warning system, give body enough time to activate adaptive immune system. |
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How does the innate immune system respond to viruses? |
PRRs on immune cells, recognising viral nucleic acids or DNA in places it shouldn’t be. This will cause activation of interferons. |
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What is the role of Type 1 interferon? |
Infected cells release it to make neighbouring cells counteract viral infection through JAK-STAT response. These cells will degrade more viral mRNA and increase antigen presentation. |
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What anti-viral therapy is used with interferon? |
Interferon Omega used for FIV and FeLV, slowing down viral replication. |
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How does the innate immune system react to bacteria? |
PRRs detect microbial components. TLRs detect LPS. Soluble PRRs like complement C3 opsonise microbes extracellularly. |
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What do TLR1, 2 and 6 do? |
Present on epithelial cells and cause upregulation of defensins and production of chemokines to recruit leukocytes. |
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What is required for the interface between the innate and adaptive immune system |
Macrophages and dendritic cells act as antigen presenting cells to cause T cell binding. |
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How does tolerance take place? |
Absence of signals from PRRs. PRRs are needed for CD80 and CD86 production, which co-stimulators of CD28 in T cell receptors. |
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What cytokines stimulate Th1 and Th2? |
IFNgamma and IL-12 for cell-mediated immune response (Th1). IL-4 antibody response (Th2). Upregulation of one causes lowering of other |
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What is a DAMP? |
Damage associated molecular patterns, like ATP, mitochondrial DNA, heat shock etc. |
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What do defensins do? |
Disrupt microbial membranes. |
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What do vaccine adjuvants do? |
Stimulate the innate immune response to enhance the adaptive response. They are usually very immunogenic. |
