Micro Final Tests Q&a Tests 1-3

Front 1

Microbes that cause disease are termed

Back 1

Pathogens

Front 2

The theory that some forms of life arise from nonliving matter is referred to

Back 2

Spontaneous generation

Front 3

A parasitic worm may also be referred to as

Back 3

Helminths

Front 4

A symbiotic relationship where there is no perceived cost or benefit to The Host

Back 4

Commensalism

Front 5

Acids add

Back 5

Hydrogen ions H+

Front 6

Movement of bacteria in response to chemicals

Back 6

Chemotaxis

Front 7

What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotes

Back 7

80s

Front 8

What type of reactions occur when reactions use more energy than released

Back 8

Endergonic

Front 9

Three types of RNA

Back 9

Transfer, ribosomal, messenger

Front 10

A variation in the size and shape of cells of a single species due to nutritional and genetic differences

Back 10

Pleomorphic

Front 11

What is the purpose of the mordant in the Gram stain

Back 11

To complex with or hold Crystal violet

Front 12

Why are basic stains used when performing a simple stain

Back 12

They have a net positive charge

Front 13

PH =?

Back 13

-log [H+]

Front 14

What best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in pure water a hypotonic solution

Back 14

The water will move into the cell

Front 15

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration

Back 15

Active transport

Front 16

When bacteria have several flagella surrounding the cell this type of flagellar arrangement is called

Back 16

Peritrichous

Front 17

Fimbriae

Back 17

Are used primarily for attachment

Front 18

The entire collection of genetic material in a cell or virus is termed

Back 18

Genome

Front 19

In DNA blank binds to blank

Back 19

A binds to T

Front 20

Which of the following are true pathogens that can cause fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails

Back 20

Dermatophytes

Front 21

Which of the following is a process by which things are imported into the cell

Back 21

Endocytosis

Front 22

Which scientist suggested hand-washing was a way to reduce infections

Back 22

Ignaz semmelweis

Front 23

Which scientist made and used simple microscopes

Back 23

Van leeuwenhoek

Front 24

What is a holoenzyme

Back 24

Complete active enzyme with cofactor

Front 25

A blank is an organism that grows best at 37 degrees Celsius

Back 25

Mesophile

Front 26

The maximum rate of cell division occurs during the blank growth phase

Back 26

Exponential

Front 27

Microbes that thrive in high-salt environments are called

Back 27

Halophiles

Front 28

Which of the following is a technique used to reduce microbes by applying high heat for a short period Of time

Back 28

Pasteurization

Front 29

Number of cells or viron needed to establish an infection in 50% of exposed host is referred to

Back 29

Infectious dose - 50

Front 30

Which of the following inhibits mycolic acid

Back 30

Isoniazid

Front 31

Which of the following inhibits folic acid synthesis

Back 31

Sulfonamide

Front 32

Which of the following inhibits nucleic acid synthesis DNA gyrase

Back 32

Ciprofloxacin

Front 33

Which of the following interacts with membrane phospholipids distort the cell surface and cause leakage of proteins and nitrogenous bases

Back 33

Polymyxin

Front 34

Which of the following is a gaseous sterilant

Back 34

Ethylene oxide

Front 35

A game of electrons is often referred to

Back 35

Reduction

Front 36

If you wanted to just inhibit the growth of bacteria but not kill it which of the following types of drugs would you use

Back 36

Bacteriostatic

Front 37

Metabolic pathways that have both catabolic and anabolic components are termed

Back 37

Amphibolic

Front 38

Which of the following acts like an electron shuttle

Back 38

NAD+

Front 39

The three main classes of drugs that Target fungal plasma membranes are azoles, allyamines, and

Back 39

Polyenes

Front 40

Which of the following occurs if an epidemic spreads to numerous countries

Back 40

Pandemic

Front 41

Superoxide dismutase and blank are enzymes that can detoxify harmful oxygen

Back 41

Catalase

Front 42

Blank eliminates all bacteria, viruses, and endospores

Back 42

Sterilization

Front 43

Diseases that are spread from animals to humans are termed

Back 43

Zoonotic

Front 44

A community of mixed microbes living together

Back 44

Biofilm

Front 45

Microbial growth is

Back 45

An increase in cell number

Front 46

Which of the following requires oxygen to grow

Back 46

Obligate aerobe

Front 47

Which of the following grows with or without oxygen and uses if present

Back 47

Facultative anaerobe

Front 48

Which of the following cannot grow if oxygen is present

Back 48

Obligate anaerobe

Front 49

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from

Back 49

An RH - mother with an RH + fetus

Front 50

Organic molecules Deadpool Iron from our iron binding proteins are termed

Back 50

Siderophores

Front 51

Which type of transplant is most compatible

Back 51

Autograft

Front 52

When pathogens squeeze between the endothelial cells in blood vessel this is called

Back 52

Diapedesis

Front 53

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum

Back 53

IgG

Front 54

Antibodies that can bind to larger parasite

Back 54

IgE

Front 55

Which of the following is a vasoactive molecule

Back 55

Histamine

Front 56

The antibody that is produced first following an infection is

Back 56

IGM

Front 57

The concentration of antibodies in Serum is called

Back 57

Titer

Front 58

When activated B cells form what type of cells that can produce antibodies

Back 58

Plasma

Front 59

Immunity due to injection of an antigen is an example of

Back 59

Artificially acquired active immunity

Front 60

Newborns immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of

Back 60

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Front 61

Which of the following is linked to cross reactivity after infection with campylobacter jejuni.

Back 61

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Front 62

In which type of hypersensitivity reactions are mast cells and basophils involved

Back 62

Type 1

Front 63

Which type of hypersensitivity reactions are not antibody-mediated types of reactions

Back 63

Type 4

Front 64

Where do T cells mature

Back 64

Thymus

Front 65

Which of the following can punch holes in target cells leading to lysis

Back 65

Perforins

Front 66

Immunoglobulin proteins produced in response to an antigen that can bind with the antigen are termed

Back 66

Antibodies

Front 67

Which of the following causes whooping cough

Back 67

Bordetella pertussis

Front 68

Shortness of breath is also called

Back 68

Dyspnea

Front 69

The common cold is caused by

Back 69

Viruses

Front 70

The portion of an antigenic molecule to which a lymphocyte responds is

Back 70

Epitope

Hint 70

Tip Top

Front 71

What type of Elisa is performed when you want to detect antibodies in a patient sample

Back 71

Indirect

Front 72

Which of the following causes walking pneumonia

Back 72

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 73

Agglutination of red blood cells is

Back 73

Hemagglutination

Front 74

Who is the first person to successfully immunize people against smallpox

Back 74

Edward Jenner

Front 75

What enzyme can break down the bacterial cell wall and is found in secretions such as tears and saliva

Back 75

Lysozyme

Front 76

What type of vaccination contains altered pathogens that do not cause disease but are still infectious

Back 76

Live attenuated vaccine

Hint 76

Lav

Front 77

The steps of PCR are melting, extension, and

Back 77

Annealing

Front 78

What type of hypersensitivity develops when IGG or IGM antibodies bind 2 soluble targets

Back 78

Type 3

Front 79

What type of hypersensitivity occurs when I G G or IGM by two non soluble antigens of the surface of a cell or within the extracellular environment

Back 79

Type 2

Front 80

Which of the following processes tags The Invader with complement proteins which will more ready clear the Invaders by phagocytic cells

Back 80

Opsonization

Front 81

Scarlet fever is caused by

Back 81

S. Pyogenes

Front 82

Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by which of the following bacteria

Back 82

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 83

Inappropriate immune responses such as allergies and autoimmunity are often termed

Back 83

Hypersensitivities