Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Systemic Mycoses: Characteristics
|
primary pathogens able to infect normal, immunocompetent people
Dimorphic: saprophylic molds 25-30 degrees, yeasts in tissue at 37 degrees septate hyphae in mold phase systemic: disseminate to other tissue after infecting lungs first |
|
|
Blastomycosis: Systemic
E. Agent |
Blastomycosis dermatiditis
|
|
|
Blastomycosis: Systemic
Transmission/VF |
Inhalation of aerosolized conidia
Found in decaying organic material Endemic in E. US, esp river basins |
|
|
Blastomycosis: Systemic
Primary Diagnosis |
Pulmonary: asymp or flu-like; resembles bact pneumonia, progress to RDS w/ high fever, lobar infiltrates, resp failure.
Chronic- mass lesions & fibronodular infiltrates Dissem: skin & bones Chronic: lesions similar to sq cell carcinoma |
|
|
Blastomycosis: Systemic
Lab ID |
Micro-yeast form in tx, sputum or lavage material
Confirmed by thermal dimorphic conversion, serological assays, or Nucleic Acid probe |
|
|
Blastomycosis: Systemic
Outcome/ Treatment |
Itaconazole & fluconazole
Amphotericin B for most serious cases |
|
|
Blastomycosis: Systemic
Misc. |
@ 25oC grows as mold w/ conidia produced on terminally hyphal branches w/ chlamydospores forming in older cultures
@ 37oC grows as parasitic yeast w/ mult nuclei & thick walls. Reproduces by bud or blastoconidia formation |
|
|
Coccidioidomycosis: Systemic
E. Agent |
Coccidioides immitis & posadasii
|
|
|
Coccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Transmission/VF |
Arthroconidia inhalation
Endemic in the SW US & N Mexico (desert) |
|
|
Coccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Primary Diagnosis |
Primary- flu-like, allergy symptoms (resolve w/ immunity)
Secondary- progressive pulmonary disease w/ dissemination (in Immunocompromised & elderly) |
|
|
Coccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Lab ID |
Micro- spherules w/ endospores in biological tx, exudates & sputum
Antigenic rxns, NA probes, & serological test available Culture not recommended |
|
|
Coccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Outcome/ Treatment |
Initial amphotericin B followed by prophylactic azole therapy for extended periods
|
|
|
Coccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Misc. |
Extremely virulent; infx. w/ inhalation at <10 arthrospores
Molds consist of vegetative & fertile hyphae Spherules contail numerous endospores which go on to form progeny spherules upon release |
|
|
Histoplasmosis: Systemic
E. Agent |
Histoplasmosis capsulatum in eastern United States
Histoplasma duboisii in tropical Africa |
|
|
Histoplasmosis: Systemic
Transmission/VF |
Inhalation of aerosolized hyphal fragments
In soil w/ high N content Growth near lg amounts of bird & bat waste |
|
|
Histoplasmosis: Systemic
Primary Diagnosis |
Capsulatum- asymp infection in most cases
Self-limited acute pulmonary disease ARD & mediastinal fibrosis rare Dissem can be chronic, subacute, or acute dissem histoplasmosis |
|
|
Histoplasmosis: Systemic
Lab ID |
Mirco- yeast phase observed in affected fluids
Fluids cx or serological assay Confirm by thermal dimorphic conversion in Culture , antigenic assay, & NA probe |
|
|
Histoplasmosis: Systemic
Outcome/ Treatment |
None-usually self-limiting
More serious, amphotericin B followed by long-term itraconazole orally |
|
|
Histoplasmosis: Systemic
Misc. |
Conversion to yeast occurs intracellularly after phagocytosis by pulmonary macrophages & neutrophils
Hyaline mold in enviro @ 25o culture @ 37o yeast exists Diff size & wall thickness b/w the 2 types |
|
|
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Systemic
E. Agent |
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
(South A. Blastomycosis) |
|
|
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Transmissin/VF |
Inhalation or percutaneous inoculation
Most common in men (90%) |
|
|
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Primary Diagnosis |
Primary infection is subclinical or self limiting
Common pulmonary infection w/ resp symptoms, incl pulmonary lesions Dissem w/o therapy |
|
|
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Lab ID |
Micro-characteristic yeast form in infected txs or fluids
Multiple bud sites Confimed w/ thermal dimorphism in cx, antigenic test, & serological test |
|
|
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Outcome/ Treatment |
Itraconazole
amphotericin B for more serious infections |
|
|
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Systemic
Misc. |
Mold form @ 25o is not helpful (only hyaline, septate hyphae w/ chlamydoconidia)
@ 37o yeast in variable sized cells w/ double refractile walls & single to mult blastoconidia connected to the parent cell—“pilots wheel” |
|
|
Penicilliosis marneffei: Systemic
E. Agent |
Penicilliniosis marneffei
|
|
|
Penicilliosis marneffei: Systemic
Transmission/VF |
Inhalation of conidia
Primary in AIDS pts of SE Asia & China Found in bamboo rats & soil |
|
|
Penicilliosis marneffei: Systemic
Primary Diagnosis |
Primary infection is disseminated to many tissues & organs
Skin lesions on face & trunk |
|
|
Penicilliosis marneffei: Systemic
Lab ID |
Micro-yeast w/in phagocytes
Culture- typical Penicillium mold morphology w/ soluble red pigment @ 25o Confirmed by yeast transition @ 37o |
|
|
Penicilliosis marneffei: Systemic
Outcome/ Treatment |
Amphotericin B followed by itraconazole for wks
Lifetime chemotherapy for HIV pts |
|
|
Penicilliosis marneffei: Systemic
Misc. |
Typical penicillium produces a soluble red pigment in the mold phase @ 25o
Also exhibits pathogenic yeast phase @ 37o or in host tissues Divides by fission & have transverse septum |
