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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capable of cellular respiration
A.Bacteria B.Virus C.Both D.Neither |
A.Bacteria
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Considered Living
A.Bacteria B.Virus C.Both D.Neither |
A. Bacteria
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Posess nucleic acids
A.Bacteria B.Virus C.Both D.Neither |
C. Both
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Proliferation can be inhibited by antibiotics
A.Bacteria B.Virus C.Both D.Neither |
A. Bacteria
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Which of the following can assist in adsorption of virus to host cell?
A. Capsid proteins b.Host cell receptors C. Peplomers D. All |
D. All
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Which host cell enzyme will a ssDNA virus likely need first after penetration?
a. Host DNA polymerase b.Host neuraminidase c. neuraminidase d. RNA-dependant RNA polymerase e. Topoisomerase |
a. Host DNA polymerase
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True or False:
Bacteria are typically larger than eukaryotic cells |
False: larger than viruses
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True or False:
The size of helical capsid is directly proportional to the length of its genome |
True
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True or false:
A bacteriophage always replicates in a living cell |
True
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True or False:
Enveloped viruses encode for proteins that synthesize the lipid membrane around the virus before lysis |
False
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True or False
Viral genomes can be circular |
True
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True or False
A DNA molecule that has the same 5' to 3' sequence as an mRNA molecule is considered a minus strand |
False
Plus |
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True or False
If you were to view an enveloped helical virus, it would appear roughly spherical |
True
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True or False
There are no prokaryotic organisms that are intracellular parasites |
False
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True or False
One benefit of lysogenic cycles is that it gives more time for additional hosts to get infected by new virions before lysis occurs |
False
allows the virus to be replicated with the original genome and be more protected |
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True or False
The proton motive force causes a confermation change of ATP synthase |
True
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True or False
Coenzyme A is a protein that is required for the TCA cycle |
False... not a protein
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True or False:
ATP is produced during the TCA cycle due to oxitative phosphorylation |
False... substrate level
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True or False:
Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than fermentation |
False... aerobic & anaerobic produce more ATP than fermentation
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During aerobic respiration, the most ATP is produced due to
a. substrate-level phosphorylation' b.oxidative phosphorylation c. PMF phosphorylation e. none |
B. oxidative
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Circle all that apply
Which of the following statements regarding the TCA cycle is true? a.it can be used for anabolic purposes b.it can be used for catabolic purposes c.it is also known as the Kreb's cycle d.it produces GTP e. None |
a,b,c,d
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Which of the following does not happen to pyruvate following glycolysis?'
a. it becomes a 2 carbon molecule b. it is covalently bonded to Coenzyme A c. It is deaminated d. It is decarboxylated |
c. it is deaminated
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in prokarytotes, where are the electron carriers for the electron transport chain found?
a. cytoplasm b.mitochondria c. pepdidoglycan d.plasma membrane e. none |
d. plasma membrane
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which of the following electron carriers are not nucleotide derivatives?
a. FAD b.FMN c.NAD+ d. Ubiquinone |
d. Ubiquinone
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Circle all that apply
Which of the following electron carriers are oxidized during the TCA cycle? A. FaD b. FADH2 c. NAD+ d. NADH e. NOne |
e. None
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True or False
One would find a neutrophile thriving in the Dead Sea |
False:
halophile |
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True or False:
Most microorganism grow in hypertonic conditions. |
False... isotonic
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True or False
Human pathogens are mesophiles |
true
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true or false
chlorine is a heavy metal used as a chemical antimicrobial reagent |
false... halogen
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true or false
a microarophile will grow at the bottom of a nutrient agar tube |
false... strict anerobe
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One theory that proposes what is going on during the death phase is the theory of programmed cell death. This theory.....
a. predicts that a fraction of the microbial population is genetically programmed to live indefinitely b. proposes that dying cells sacrifice themselves for the benefit of the population. c. proposes that the programed cells are viable but not culturable |
b.
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a microbiology student noticed that a culture broth was very turbid at the bottom of the tube but clear on the top. she can conclude that the organism is...
a. facultative anaerobe b.strict anaerobe c. obligate aerobe d. broth is sterile |
b
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circle all that apply
which of the following is not a method that results in sterilization? a. dry heat b. pasturization c. freezing d. heavy metal |
b & c
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The difficulty with UV radiation as a sterilizing agent is....
a. it does not kill endospores b. it does not penetrate glass or water. c. it only works at a particular pH d.ALl |
b
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sweet & salty foods frequently do not require refrigeration to prevent spoilage because they ....
a. have toxic alkaline chemicals b.lack sufficuent nutrients c. have high concentration of solutes e. are dyhydrated |
c.
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when one is studying a collection of matter the cell is considered ....
a. surrounding b. entropy c. system |
system
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which of the following can disrupt the cell membrane of a microorganism?
a. alcohols b. detergents c. phenolics d. all e. none |
d. all
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Innate or acquired immune system?
Does not recognize specific pathogens |
Innate
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Innate or acquired immune system?
Includes skin as protective barrier |
Innate
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Innate or acquired immune system?
Is considered to have memory |
Acquired
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Innate or acquired immune system?
relies on white blood cells |
both
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Innate or acquired immune system?
You have this since birth |
innate
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which of the following circumstances would promote interferon production?
a. a fungal infection b. MRSA infection c. Viral infection d. all |
C. Viral
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Phagocytes are attracted by all of the following except....
a. chemical products of microorganisms. b. components of the complement system. c. lysosomes d. phospholipids released by injured cells |
a. chemical products of microorganisms
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which of the following does not assist macrophages in recognizing a non-self cell?
a. PAMP's b. Pyrogens c. toll receptors. d.all e. none |
Pyrogens
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If an individual had a high level of chemokines circulating in their blood, which of the following would most likely result?
a. CLotting b. Edema c. High blood pressure |
edema
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breastfeeding enables a newborn to have what type of immunity?
a. artificially acquired active immunity b. artificually acquired passive c. naturally acquired active d. naturally acquired passive |
naturally acquired passive
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true or false
anaerobic organism cannot cause infections on skin |
False... are able to infect skin b/c other organism consume O2
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true or false....
if someone is infected by a pathogen but cannot produce high enough levels of cytokines, septic shock will result. |
False...
septic shock is caused by an abnormally high level |
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true or false...
inflammation simply means swelling |
false... redness, high temp, pain
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true or false...
interferons usually are species specific but virus non specific |
true
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true or false
Neutrophils can function as antigen presenting cells |
false,
macrophages/dendritic cells |
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true or false
phagocytosis is only important for the innate immune system |
false... and the acquired
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true or false
viral proteins that degrade a host cell genome are transcribed late during the biosynthesis phase |
false
considered early mRNA products and are transcribed early during biosynthesis |
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in eukaryotes, which of the following enzymes/pathways is NOT found in mitochondria?
a. Kreb's cycle b. Embden Meyerhof c. Electron transport chain d. ATP synthase e. All |
b. Embden Meyerhof
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What is the chemical formula of a monosaccharide?
a. (CH2O2)n b.(CH2O)n c. (C2H2O)x |
b
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Which of the following are possible fates of amino acids?
a. Converted to Pyruvate b. Converted to Oxaloacetate (a TCA cycle intermediate) c. Converted to Acetyl CoA d. All e. None |
d all
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True of False:
The majority of naturally occuring fatty acids have an even number of carbons. |
True
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True or False
Microorganisms that are not actively undergoing cell division only carry out catabolic reactions |
False
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True or False
Fatty Acids are substrates for glycolosis |
False... B oxidation
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True or False
Eukaryotic heterotrophs utilize the Calvin Cycle |
False.... auto
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True or False
During Carbon fixation, the source of carbon is carbon dioxide |
True
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration Which of these has an electron transport chain as part of the process? |
Aerobic Respiration
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration ATP hydrolysis is coupled to the process to drive the pathway. |
Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, calvin cycle, aerobic respiration
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration ATP or GTP is generated in the process |
Kreb's Cycle, Glycolysis, Aerobic respiration
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration NADH is produced |
B oxidation pathway, Kreb's cycle, Glycolysis, Aerobic respiration
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration NADPH is required |
Fatty Acid Synthesis, Calvin Cycle
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration The Pathway associated with Fatty acid catabolism |
B oxidation pathway
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration the pathway that requires an acyl carrier protein |
fatty acid synthesis
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration The pathway that requires ribulose |
calvin cycle
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A. B odxidation pathway
b. Kreb's cycle c. Glycolosis d. Gluconeogenesis e. Fatty Acid Synthesis f. Calvin Cycle g. Aerobic respiration Utilizes Coenzyme A (CoA) |
B oxidation, Kreb's cycle, Fatty acid synthesis, Aerobic respiration
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Which of the following microorganisms typically have more than one origin of replication on their chromosome?
a. archaea b.bacteria c. eukaryotes none |
c. eukaryotes
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The enzyme that repairs nicked DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides is
a. DNA gyrase b. DNA ligase c. DNA phosphodiesterase d. DNA primase e. Topoisomerase |
b. DNA ligase
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THis is a DNA dependent RNA polymerase
a. ligase b. RNA polymerase c. Telomerase d. Topisomerase e. None |
b. RNA polymerase
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The Shine Delgarno sequence is:
a. A short sequence that acts as a site where translational machinery will bind b. A short sequence that acts as the RNA polymerase binding site C. the region of a gene that will be translated. d. all e. none |
a
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Linear chromosomes can replicate the ends of their chromosomes because...
a. Telomerase carries a DNA template to copy and extend the chromosome b. Telomerase cleaves the overhanging segment and replaces it with double stranded DNA c. Telomerase synthesizes an RNA polymer onto the end of the chromosome d. all e, none |
None
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True False
In eukaryotic microorganisms, transcription can begin during translation |
False
Prokaryotic |
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True False
All DNA polymerases that we have studied thus far require a short nucleic acid to be present before it can catalyze a reaction |
True
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True False
Circular chromosomes in Archaea require telomerase |
False
linear |
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a. Archaea
b. Bacteria c. Eukaryotes d. None of these Contain a membrane bound nucleus |
c
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a. Archaea
b. Bacteria c. Eukaryotes d. None of these has a genome composed of DNA |
a,b,c
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a. Archaea
b. Bacteria c. Eukaryotes d. None of these have cytoskeletal proteins |
a, b, c
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a. Archaea
b. Bacteria c. Eukaryotes d. None of these These are considered non-living |
d
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a. Archaea
b. Bacteria c. Eukaryotes d. None of these These are considered prokaryotes |
a, b
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a. Archaea
b. Bacteria c. Eukaryotes d. None of these THese organisms possess mitochondria |
c
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a. Archaea
b. Bacteria c. Eukaryotes d. None of these These organisms possess a plasma membrane |
a, b, c
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a. Gram Negative
b. Gram Positive c. Both d. Neither These organisms have a large periplasmic space |
a
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a. Gram Negative
b. Gram Positive c. Both d. Neither These organisms contain ribosomes |
c
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a. Gram Negative
b. Gram Positive c. Both d. Neither These organisms ahve a thick layer of pepditoglycan in cell wall |
b
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a. Gram Negative
b. Gram Positive c. Both d. Neither Have a outermembrane superficial to a layer of peptidylglycan |
a
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a. Gram Negative
b. Gram Positive c. Both d. Neither These organisms utilize histone proteins to packaged their DNA |
d
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a. Anabolism
b.Catabolism c.Both d. neither Involves the degradation of organic macromolecules |
b
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a. Anabolism
b.Catabolism c.Both d. neither involves dehydration synthesis |
a
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a. Anabolism
b.Catabolism c.Both d. neither involves hydrolysis |
b
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a. Anabolism
b.Catabolism c.Both d. neither water is an end-product of this type of metabolism |
a
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The first physician to make practical application of the germ theory of disease was
a. lister b. jenner c. pasteur d. koch |
a. lister
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the theory that proposed microorganisms can arise from non-living matter :
biogenesis germ theory spontaneous generation non |
spontaneous generation
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which of the following is not one of Koch's requirements to finding a microorganism that causes disease?
a. The disease causing organism must be present in every case of the disease b. the organism must be able to produce the disease in healthy host c. must be able to grow in pure culture d. all e. none |
all
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which of the following is not considered one of Woese's domains?
archaea bacteria eucarya procarya all |
procarya
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Which of the following statements does not support the endosymbiotic theory
a. chloroplasts similar in size to bacteria b. Chloroplasts contain DNA c. Mitochondria replicate in manner similar to binary fission d. all e. none |
all
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Nucleoid?
a. Plasmid that confers antibiotic resistance b. Irregularly shaped region containing DNA in prokaryotes c. An organelle found in eukaryotes d. the region in a nucleus where ribosomes are made e. none |
b
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pili...
a. needed for bacterial conjugation b. small hair like projections around a cell c. found in 1000 per cell |
a
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which of the following compose the major component of peptidoglycan
a. carbs' b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. proteins |
a
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which of the following contain hydrolases
a. lysosomes b mitochondria c. vacuoles |
a
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if bacteria have flagella all around them, they are considered...
amphitrichous lophotrichous monotrichous peritrichous |
d
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what is the purpose of using iodine during a gram stain?
a. acts as a counterstain b. decolorizes the cell c. fixes crystal violet to surrounding molecules d. primary stain |
c
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organism capable of oxidizing fatty acids to obtain energy, hyd, elect, and carboy. what type of metabolism?
Chemolithotrophic autotroph chemoorganotrophic heterotroph photolithotrophic autotroph photoorganotrophic heterotroph |
b
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not require permease
a. ABC b. Active c. SImple diffusion d. facilitaded |
c
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optimum growth for mesophile
37 15 45 |
37
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a typical exergonic reaction
a. may promote an endergonic reaction b. will be spontaneous c. will release energy d. all e. none |
all
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Each of these is true except...
a. emzymes allow endergonic reactions to be exergonic reactions b. enzymes are not altered at the completion of a reaction c. enzymes can be controlled by allosteric molecules d. enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction |
a
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which is not true of embden meyerhof?
A. Energy is required b. glucose is converted to lactate c. catabolic pathway d. glycolysis (another name) e. substrate phosph occurs |
b
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true or false
a bacteria's plasma membrane is not a part of the cell wall |
true
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true or false
a gram positive organism will stain pink |
false
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true or false
all allosteric modulaters inhibit enzymes |
false
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all plasmids confer antibiotic resistance to their host
true or false |
false
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true or false
competative inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration |
true
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true or false
dry heat steril. methods are more effective than moist heat |
false
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facilitated diffusion does not require concentration gradient
true false |
flase
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Fermentation is a metabolic pathway that provides energy to a cell as a result of oxidative phosphorylateion
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false
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true or false
microorganisms change pH with waste products |
true
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t or f
nitrogen is macronutrient used in protiens |
true
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t or f
prokaryotes are all grouped into kingdom Monera |
true
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t or f
regarding the organism pseudomonas aeruginosa... aerguniosa is its genus name |
true
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t or f
V (max) can change by increasing substrate concentration |
false
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