Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Central nervous system |
Brain and spinal cord |
|
|
What do motor neurons do? |
carry messages from CNS to parts of the body and cause them to respond |
|
|
What do sensory neurons do? |
transmit sensations to the CNS |
|
|
Meninges |
three layers of membranes cover surface of brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Meningitis is caused by |
bacteria that infect meninges of CNS |
|
|
Pneumococcal Meningitis signs and symptoms |
begins like mild cold stiffness of neck |
|
|
Pneumococcal meningitis causative agent |
streptococcus pneumoniae gram positive lancet-shaped coccus |
|
|
Pneumococcal meningitis often causes |
otitis media (middle ear ache) |
|
|
Purpose of serotypes |
To get various strains/types |
|
|
Meningococcal Meningitis is acquired by |
inhaling airborne droplets and it goes into respiratory tract |
|
|
Infants with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis have this |
Bulging fontanelle which is a gap between plates of infant's skull |
|
|
Most serious type of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis is |
Type B; abbreviated Hib, causes most serious disease
|
|
|
Neonatal meningitis signs and symptoms |
"floppy baby" fever, poor feeding, lethargy |
|
|
Causative agent of Neonatal meningitis |
Listeria monocytogenes from bloodstream of infected mother |
|
|
Listeriosis signs and symptoms |
after one month fever, muscle aches, diarrhea, nausea |
|
|
Causative agent of listeriosis |
Listeria monocytogenes (gram positive rod) |
|
|
Source of meningeal infection |
Bacteremia |
|
|
Listeriosis results from |
foodborne disease listeriosis |
|
|
Hansen's disease signs and symptoms |
1. gradual onset of pigmentation changes, increased or decreased sensation in areas of skin 2. Nerves of arms, legs may become visibly enlarged 3. Muscle wasting, ulceration, loss of fingers or toes 4. Severe cases: thickening of nose and ears, deep wrinkling of facial skin |
|
|
Hansen's disease causative agent |
Mycobacterium leprae, it is acid fast |
|
|
Hansen's disease is the only known human pathogen that does what? |
Preferentially infects peripheral nerves |
|
|
Though Hansen's disease can ________ _________, the _____________ ___ _____________. |
Stop spontaneously, the damage is permanent |
|
|
Botulism |
the progressive paralysis that involves all voluntary muscles |
|
|
Causative agent for botulism |
clostridium botulinum, produce different strains of neurotoxin Endospores can survive boiling |
|
|
How powerful is botulism? |
A few miligrams could kill the population of a large city |
|
|
Flaccid paralysis |
limp/"rag doll" |
|
|
Intestinal botulism occurs when |
C. botulinum colonizes |
|
|
Viral meningitis signs and symptoms |
abrupt onset |
|
|
Inflammatory response differs from bacterial meningitis because |
fewer cells enter cerebrospinal fluid, causes little lasting damage |
|
|
Leading cause of Viral encephalitis is |
transmitted by mosquitoes |
|
|
Early warning signs of viral encephalitis |
blood of sentinel chickens in cages tested periodically |
|
|
poliomyelitis acts like what? |
Acts the same way as menigitis at first, but is not the same |
|
|
Poliomyelitis signs and symptoms |
respiratory muscles paralyzed survivors may develop post-polio syndrom |
|
|
Poliomyelitis pathogenesis |
enters body orally |
|
|
Poliomyelitis treatment and prevention |
small risk led US to return to use of inactivated salk vaccine in 1999 |
|
|
How can rabies be diagnosed before death? |
By identifying virus in smears collected from surface of eyes |
|
|
Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis progresses faster in |
immunodeficient |
|
|
causative agent for cryptococcal meningoencphalitis |
Cryptococcus neoformans causes disease even in healthy individuals |
|
|
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis treatment and prevention |
There is no good anti fungal drugs monitored carefully for toxic effects |
|
|
African sleeping sickness signs and symptoms |
loss of interest, decreased activity, indifference to food |
|
|
African sleeping sickness is transmitted by
|
tsetse flies; protozoan enters bite wound in saliva of infected tsetse fly |
|
|
Primary Amebig Meningoencephalitis (PAM) once neurological symptoms appear |
death follows quickly |
|
|
causative agent of PAM |
naegleria fowleri (one of only a few free-living protozoa pathogenic for humans will eat your brain |
|
|
PAM pathogenesis |
Penetrates skull along olfactory nerves of nasal mucosa |
|
|
Where is PAM found? |
commonly found in warm, fresh water and soils not found in sea water or pools |
|
|
TSE, kuru, is linked to |
cannibalism in New Guinea |
