Micro Exam 4

Front 1

PAMP

Back 1

Pathogen associated patterns – molecules shared by micro organisms. Example is Lipopolysaccharide found in gram-negative bacteria

Front 2

PRR

Back 2

Receptors on white blood cells which recognize pathogen associated patterns (PAMPS) what type of leukocytes in habit

Front 3

Where do mononuclear phagocytes live?

Back 3

Reticuloendothelial system

Front 4

What are the mono nucleated phagocytes which live in tissues?

Back 4

Macrophages and dendritic cells

Front 5

What is released when I sell has a virus?

Back 5

Interferon

Front 6

What happens when a macrophage is exposed to an antigen?

Back 6

It becomes activated.

Front 7

What happens when a macrophage becomes activated?

Back 7

It releases cytokines and interleukins which starts other immune cells and compliments.

Front 8

What is the name of the stain you use for granulocytes?

Back 8

Wright stain

Front 9

Name the granulocytes

Back 9

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

Front 10

What are formed from Myeloblasts

Back 10

Granulocytes

Front 11

Which two types of leukocytes trigger inflammatory reaction?

Back 11

Basophils and mast cells

Front 12

What cells are phagocytes?

Back 12

Neutrophils, monocytes when in the blood, macrophages when in the tissues, and dendritic cells.

Front 13

What leukocytes are active in worm and fungal infestations, allergies, and inflammation.

Back 13

eosinophils

Front 14

What do B lymphocytes do?

Back 14

They differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells.

Front 15

Which leukocytes are specific?

Back 15

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

Front 16

What is Humoral immunity

Back 16

Humoral refers to outside of the cell; floating around in the body.

Front 17

Which lymphocyte is in charge of humoral immunity?

Back 17

B cell

Front 18

Which lymphocyte is involved in cell-mediated immunity?

Back 18

T cells

Front 19

Which leukocyte connects the first and third line of defense

Back 19

Macrophages and Dendridic cells

Front 20

Which cells are related to T cells but display no specificity?

Back 20

Natural killer cells

Front 21

What do natural killer cells do?

Back 21

They are active against cancer cells and virus infected cells.

Front 22

What does the cytoplasmic granules of basophils contain?

Back 22

Histamines, prostaglandins, and other chemical mediators of the allergic response.

Front 23

What is the plasma like liquid carrier by the lymphatic circulation?

Back 23

Lymph

Front 24

What parts of the body do the lymphatic capillaries not permeate?

Back 24

Central nervous system, bone, placenta, and thymus

Front 25

How is lymph circulated?

Back 25

By contraction of skeletal muscles, and only the direction toward the heart.

Front 26

What phagocytic cells live in lymph nodes?

Back 26

Macrophages and dendritic cells.

Front 27

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Back 27

Thymus and bone marrow

Front 28

What are secondary lymphoid organs and tissues?

Back 28

Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Preyer's patches, appendix.

Front 29

What is SALT

Back 29

Skin associated lymphoid tissue

Front 30

What is MALT

Back 30

Mucus associated lymphoid tissue

Front 31

What is GALT

Back 31

Gut associated lymphoid tissue

Front 32

What is a leukocyte known as before it has been exposed to an antigen?

Back 32

Naïve

Front 33

What is the site of T cell maturation?

Back 33

Thymus

Front 34

What are the actions of the second line of defense?

Back 34

Recognition of pathogen, inflammation, phagocytosis, interferon, and complement

Front 35

What are the classic signs of the inflammatory response?

Back 35

Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and sometimes the loss of function

Front 36

What function does swelling serve to do?

Back 36

It increases fluid to the area including white blood cells, microbes, and debris which for pus.

Front 37

What is the purpose of vasoconstriction in the inflammation process?

Back 37

To trap microbes in a concentrated area to prevent spread.

Front 38

What chemical mediators have vasoactive affects?

Back 38

Histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins

Front 39

What are some examples of substances with chemotactic effects?

Back 39

Ensotoxin, platelet activating factor, PAMPS

Front 40

What are examples of mediators which have both vasoactive and chemotactic effects?

Back 40

Complement, cytokines such as interferon and interleukin.

Front 41

What is chemotaxis?

Back 41

Migration in response to specific chemicals at the site of injury or infection

Front 42

What is the migration of cells out of blood vessels into tissues known as?

Back 42

Diapedesis

Front 43

What initiates fever?

Back 43

Pyrogens

Front 44

How does fever benefit immunity?

Back 44

Inhibits growth of temperature sensitive organisms by reducing the available iron. It increases metabolism and stimulates immune reaction.

Front 45

How to phagocytes extract immunogenic information

Back 45

Through the use of an MHC2.

Front 46

Which phagocytes are the first responders?

Back 46

Neutrophils

Front 47

Which phagocyte attaches to sites of eukaryotic infection?

Back 47

Eosinophils

Front 48

Which phagocytes scavenge for foreign substances for preparation of reactions with B and T cells?

Back 48

Macrophages

Front 49

What is the name of the protein receptor width of the cell membrane of macrophages?

Back 49

Toll-like receptor

Front 50

What is the phagosome?

Back 50

Something ingested by phagocyte

Front 51

What is the phagolysosome

Back 51

Phagosome fused with a lysosome which leads to death of the invader within 30 minutes

Front 52

What does APC mean?

Back 52

Antigen presenting cell

Front 53

What are the antigen presenting cells?

Back 53

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells

Front 54

Which is the Mack daddy of the APC cells?

What are the names of the antigen presenting cells?

Back 54

Dendritic cell

Front 55

What are the names of the antigen presenting cells? (APC)

Back 55

Macrophages, Dendridic cells, B cells

Front 56

What are the names of the antigen presenting cells? (APC)

Back 56

Macrophages, Dendridic cells, B cells

Front 57

What sales does H IV effect?

Back 57

The CD4 cells, also known as helper T cells.

Front 58

What is interferon?

Back 58

A protein produced in response to viruses, RNA, immune products, and various antigens which blind to sell services and induce expression of antiviral proteins and inhibit expression of cancer genes.

Front 59

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 59

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 60

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 60

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 61

Which cells produce interferon beta?

Back 61

Fibroblasts an epithelial cells

Front 62

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 62

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 63

Which cells produce interferon beta?

Back 63

Fibroblasts an epithelial cells

Front 64

Which cells produce interferon gamma?

Back 64

T cells

Front 65

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 65

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 66

Which cells produce interferon beta?

Back 66

Fibroblasts an epithelial cells

Front 67

Which cells produce interferon gamma?

Back 67

T cells

Front 68

What is complement?

Back 68

A process consisting of 26+ blood proteins that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses.

Front 69

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 69

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 70

Which cells produce interferon beta?

Back 70

Fibroblasts an epithelial cells

Front 71

Which cells produce interferon gamma?

Back 71

T cells

Front 72

What is complement?

Back 72

A process consisting of 26+ blood proteins that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses.

Front 73

What are the three pathways of the complement process?

Back 73

Classical, lectin, alternative.

Front 74

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 74

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 75

Which cells produce interferon beta?

Back 75

Fibroblasts an epithelial cells

Front 76

Which cells produce interferon gamma?

Back 76

T cells

Front 77

What is complement?

Back 77

A process consisting of 26+ blood proteins that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses.

Front 78

What are the three pathways of the complement process?

Back 78

Classical, lectin, alternative.

Front 79

How is the classical pathway activated?

Back 79

It is activated by the presence of antibody bound micro organisms through opsonization.

Front 80

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 80

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 81

Which cells produce interferon beta?

Back 81

Fibroblasts an epithelial cells

Front 82

Which cells produce interferon gamma?

Back 82

T cells

Front 83

What is complement?

Back 83

A process consisting of 26+ blood proteins that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses.

Front 84

What are the three pathways of the complement process?

Back 84

Classical, lectin, alternative.

Front 85

How is the classical pathway activated?

Back 85

It is activated by the presence of antibody bound micro organisms through opsonization.

Front 86

What is the lectin pathway?

Back 86

It is a non-specific reaction of a hosts zero Protane which binds to man an.

Front 87

Which cells produce interferon alpha?

Back 87

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 88

Which cells produce interferon beta?

Back 88

Fibroblasts an epithelial cells

Front 89

Which cells produce interferon gamma?

Back 89

T cells

Front 90

What is complement?

Back 90

A process consisting of 26+ blood proteins that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses.

Front 91

What are the three pathways of the complement process?

Back 91

Classical, lectin, alternative.

Front 92

How is the classical pathway activated?

Back 92

It is activated by the presence of antibody bound micro organisms through opsonization.

Front 93

What is the lectin pathway?

Back 93

It is a non-specific reaction of a hosts zero Protane which binds to mannan.

Front 94

What is the alternative pathway?

Back 94

It begins with a complement proteins bind to a normal cell wall and surface components of micro organisms

Front 95

What are the stages of the complement cascade?

Back 95

Initiation, amplification and cascade, polymerization, and membrane attack

Front 96

Which pathway of the complement cascade is specific?

Back 96

Classical pathway

Front 97

Which pathway of the complement cascade is specific?

Back 97

Classical pathway

Front 98

At which enzyme do all three pathways converge?

Back 98

C3

Front 99

Which factor becomes bound to the membrane and serves as the starting point for the chain of events that assemble the complex?

Back 99

C5b

Front 100

Which factor becomes bound to the membrane and serves as the starting point for the chain of events that assemble the complex?

Back 100

C5b

Front 101

Which enzymes form the membrane attacked complex?

Back 101

C5B, C6, see seven, and C8, and multiple C9s. These are also known as terminal complement components.

Front 102

Which factor becomes bound to the membrane and serves as the starting point for the chain of events that assemble the complex?

Back 102

C5b

Front 103

Which enzymes form the membrane attacked complex?

Back 103

C5B, C6, see seven, and C8, and multiple C9s. These are also known as terminal complement components.

Front 104

How does the MAC contribute to cell death?

Back 104

It creates hundreds of tiny holes in the cell membrane which causes cell lysis.

Front 105

What line of defense is complement?

Back 105

Second

Front 106

What line of defense is complement?

Back 106

Second

Front 107

What line of defense is physical barriers?

Back 107

First

Front 108

What line of defense is complement?

Back 108

Second

Front 109

What line of defense is physical barriers?

Back 109

First

Front 110

Interferons, phagocytosis and the inflammatory response are examples of what line of defense?

Back 110

Second

Front 111

What line of defense is complement?

Back 111

Second

Front 112

What line of defense is physical barriers?

Back 112

First

Front 113

Interferons, phagocytosis and the inflammatory response are examples of what line of defense?

Back 113

Second

Front 114

What line of defense are B and T cells, antibodies, and cytotoxicity?

Back 114

3rd/acquired/specific