Micro Exam 1 Study And Old Exam Questions

Front 1

What is the key feature, visible with LM, of the proliferation zone of the epiphyseal plate (physis)

Back 1

chondrocytes are arranged in rows

Front 2

What is the key feature, visible with LM, of the ossification zone of the epiphyseal plate (physis)

Back 2

evidence of depostion of osteoid by osteoblasts

Front 3

Which cell type normally found in bone differentiates from the blood monocyte

Back 3

osteoclast

Front 4

encochondral ossification (in a matching question)

Back 4

formation of osseous tissue by the replacement of calcified cartilage

Front 5

mature bone (in a matching question)

Back 5

bone that has been remodeled into its final, layer form

Front 6

remodeling of bone (in a matching question)

Back 6

the process of bone resorption by osteoclasts, followed by new bone formation by osteoblasts

Front 7

calcification (in a matching question)

Back 7

deposition of insoluble salts of calcium in tissue or non-cellular material in the body

Front 8

primary center of ossification (in a matching question)

Back 8

the site where bone first forms in a developing cartilage bone

Front 9

endosteum (in a matching question)

Back 9

the connective tissue lining th emarrow cavity of a bone

Front 10

describe the difference b/w cancellous bone and woven bone

Back 10

cancellous bone is a gross description of the sponge-like bone that fills parts of the marrow cavity of bones. Woven bone is immature bone that is not organized in layers

Front 11

The spaces that contain osteocytes are called ___?____. Each one is connected to neighboring similar spaces via small channels called ______?_____. The osteocytes have cell processes extending into these channels, and the cell processes have connections called _____?_____ to cell processes of adjacent cells

Back 11

lacunae
canaliculi
gap junctions

Front 12

From what cell type do osteocytes differentiate directly?

Back 12

osteoblasts

Front 13

What cells are the source of osteoblasts for bone formation

Back 13

mesenchymal cells or fibrocytes

Front 14

Which of the following would you expect to discover in a bone that is actively growing in WIDTH (diaphysis is expanding outward)?

Back 14

a-osteoclasts on inner surface of cortex
b-osteoblasts forming from cellular layer of periosteum
c-osteoclasts b/w the periosteum and bone
d- osteoblasts in the endosteum of the cortex
a and b
c and d

Hint 14

ANSWER: a and b
osteoclasts on inner surface of cortex
and Osteoblasts forming from cellular layer of periosteum
for active bone growth in WIDTH

Front 15

Which of the following best describes the differences b/w primary and secondary bone?

Back 15

a- primary bone is synonymous wiht trabecular bone and secondary bone is synonymous w/ spongy bone
b-primary bone is only found in the zone of ossification while secondary bone is found everywhere else
c-primary bone has lamellae while secondary bone is temporary and randomly ordered
d- primary bone is randomly ordered while secondary bone is highly ordered in lamellae

Hint 15

d- primary bone is randomly ordered while secondary bone is highly ordered in lamellae

Front 16

what is the meaning of the word syncytium?

Back 16

together + cell
literally "together cell"
denotes a cell formed by fusion of several cells

Front 17

Loose CT is very common and contains many resident and transient cell types. The cell responsible for production and maintenace of the ECM of the CT is the _____. There are 2 cells who job is to clean up debris-big eater= ______and the other is the ______, a normal white blood cell

Back 17

fibroblast
macrophage
neutrophil

Front 18

Which of the following is true of connective tissue?

Back 18

a-specialized for defensive functions
b-cells have no basal lamina
c-derived mainly from mesoderm
d-it contains many "wandering cells"
f- options a and d
e- all of the above

Hint 18

all the above

Front 19

The mononuclear phagocyte system refers to cells which

Back 19

a-derive from blood monocytes
b-have multilobed nuclei
c- are phagocytes in many organs
d-all the above
e- a and c

Hint 19

answer= a and c
MPS cells are cels that derive from blood monocytes adn are phagocytes in many organs

Front 20

Identify two "resident" cells of connective tissue:

Back 20

any of the following: fibroblast, macrophage, pigment cell, mast cell

Front 21

Plasma cell (for matching)

Back 21

wandering connective tissue cell which originates from lyphocytes and produces antibodies

Front 22

Neutrophil (for matching)

Back 22

wandering connective tissue cell with a multi-lobulated nucleus and finely granulated, pale staining cytoplasm

Front 23

Mast cell (for matching)

Back 23

resident cell of CT usually located near blood vessels and ahving prominent granuels in the cytoplasm

Front 24

Fibrocyte (for matching)

Back 24

resident cell of CT responsible for the production and maintenance of the ECM

Front 25

Eosinophil (for matching)

Back 25

Wandering CT cell with a multi-lobulated nucleus and large cytoplasmic granuels, increase wiht allergic responses, defensive cell

Front 26

Which of the following types of connective tissue should have the highest proportion of fibers as opposed to cells, and be least likely to have cells of the "wandering type"?

Back 26

A- dense regular collagenous connective tissue (biceps brachii tendon)
B- dense irregular collagenous connective tissue (dermis of skin)
C-Loose collagenous connective tissue (lamina propria of gut)
C-

Hint 26

a-dense regular collagenous CT

Front 27

what are three fiber types found in ordinary CT?

Back 27

collagen, elastin, reticular fibers

Front 28

the two types of adipose tissue are known as ____ (unilocular) found in all animals and _____(multilocular) adipose found in hibernating and very young animals

Back 28

white and brown

Front 29

which of the following cells is also known as PMN?

Back 29

neutrophil

Front 30

Hyaluronic acid is

Back 30

a-one of the common components of CT ECM
b-a non-sulfated GAG
c-sometimes found as the center of proteoglycan aggregate
d- none of the above
e- all of the above

Hint 30

all of the above

Front 31

The Kupffer cell in liver and the alveolar macrophage are both derived from the _______( a blood cell)

Back 31

monocyte

Front 32

loose connective tissue has the most wandering cells, one of these the ______cell, is round with a basophilic cytoplasm and a prominent peri-nuclear clear area. This cell produces_____for the immune system function

Back 32

plasma cells- produce antibodies

Front 33

endochondral bones develop from the cartilage model. the model bone is made of _____cartilage. The ______is a remnant of this cartilage model and is responsible for the growth in length in bone

Back 33

hyaline cartlage
physis (epiphyseal plate)

Front 34

Which of the following is true of chondroblasts?

Back 34

a- chondroblasts differentiate from cells of mesenchymal CT
b- fibroblasts can become chondroblsts
c- any mesenchymally derived cell can become a chondroblasts
d-all of the above are true
e-only a and b are true

Hint 34

e-only a and b are true
chondroblasts differentiate from cells of mesenchymal CT and fibroblasts can become chondroblasts

Front 35

which of the following is true of the ground substance of hyaline cartilage:

Back 35

a-hyaluronic acid contributes to the gelatinous nature of the ground substance by binding large quantities of proteoglycans into huge aggregates
b-the ground substance has an affinity for interstitial fluid due to the prsence and arrangement of proteoglycans

Hint 35

(answer all the above so also...)
c- GAGs are complexed with a core protein to form a proteoglycan
d-the ground substance of cartilage resists compressive forces b/c of the complex 3D structure and charge of its components

Front 36

describe the similarities and differences b/w the microscopic appearance of a tendon and that of a piece of fibrocartilage

Back 36

similarities:
both contain large collagen bundles and few cells

Hint 36

differences: in tendons the cells have very flattened and heterochromatic nuclei, while fibrocarilage they are contained in lacunae. collagen fibers are often arranged in a herringbone pattern in fibrocartilage the ground substance stains basophilically in cartilage but is not visible in tendon

Front 37

Microcscopically how do you tell the difference b/w fibrocartilage and tendon

Back 37

tendon has fibrocytes and no lacunae, fibrocartilage has lacunae wiht osteocytes and some basophilic ground substance

Front 38

isogenous groups in cartilage are evidence of

Back 38

interstitial growth and cell division

Front 39

what causes of the following causes the brush border of light microscopy

Back 39

brush border

Front 40

in a mixed seromucous gland some serous cells may be found wrapped around a mucous alveolus. such serous cells from a serous

Back 40

demilune

Front 41

a compound gland is one

Back 41

with branching duct system
in which there are lobes and lobules
is an organ itself

Front 42

hemidesmosomes

Back 42

will attach epithelial cells to the basal lamina

Front 43

regardless of its origin the functional part of an organ is called the ______

Back 43

parenchyma

Front 44

the structural framework or supporting connective tissue is called the

Back 44

stroma

Front 45

____is a charbohydrate layer that covers the luminal side of epithelium. Its major components are ___and ____. this layer contributes to physical and chem protection

Back 45

glycocaylx
glycoproteins and glycolipids

Front 46

____are unique epithelial cells. It is very unique to have neurons in an ______exposed to the ______

Back 46

olfactory cells
epithelium
environment

Front 47

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium is a typical ____epithelium. ____and _____ are also common components of this epithelium

Back 47

upper airway
goblet cells
diffuse neuroendocribe cells