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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the chemical makeup of a carbohydrate? |
C H2 O |
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Pentoses are found in ____ and _____. |
DNA RNA |
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What is the chemical makeup of glucose? |
C6 H12 O6 |
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A ________________ is a simple sugar containing 3-7 atoms. |
Monosaccharide |
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Glucose is a type of _______________. |
Hexose sugar |
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What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose? |
Deoxyribose has 1 less oxygen than ribose |
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To divide sucrose into ________&_________, water must be added. |
Glucose and fructose |
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______________ are two monosaccharides linked together. |
Disaccharides |
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In the formation of a disaccharide, a _____________ reaction occurs. |
Dehydration |
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Sucrose is a _______________ and glucose and fructose are ________________. |
Disaccharide Monosaccharides |
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_________________ are tens to hundreds of monosaccharides linked together. |
Polysaccharide |
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Cellulose, Gycogen, Starch and Chitin are all _________________. |
Polysaccharides
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Glycogen is the storage form of energy from____________. |
Starches It can also be broken down into glucose |
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What is symbiosis? |
When herbivores harbor bacteria and protozoa that can break down cellulose. |
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Name 4 nucleic acids: |
DNA RNA ATP NAD+ |
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What are the 3 types of carbohydrates? |
Mono Di Poly |
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What are the 4 parts of DNA? Which one make it DNA? |
Adenine Cytosine Guanine THYMINE |
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What are the 4 parts of RNA? Which one makes it RNA? |
Adenine Cytosine Guanine URACIL |
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What makes up a nucleotide? |
Pentose Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base |
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Who discovered DNA? |
Watson and Crick |
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Where do mutations occur? |
DNA |
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_______________have linear DNA. |
Eukaryotes |
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________________ have circular DNA. |
Prokaryotes |
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What are the 3 types of RNA? |
Messenger Transfer Ribosomal |
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What common disease is a double stranded RNA? |
AIDS |
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RNA carries the messages of ________ in RNA form. |
DNA |
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ATP -> ADP + Pi +energy |
This means that when ATP is broken down it becomes ADP plus a phosphate and releases energy. |
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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide |
Coenzyme involved in redox runs that transports e' to etc NAD+ (oxidized) picks up e' NADH (Reduced) donates e' |
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What part of the amino acid determines its type? |
The R group |
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How many different amino acids are there? |
20 |
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What are the differences between a polar and non polar molecule? |
If there is a charge separation then a molecule is polar If there is no charge separation then a molecule is not polar |
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Is water polar or non polar? |
Polar |
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What are the 4 classifications of amino acids?
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Polar
Nonpolar Acidic Basic |
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What makes an amino acid? |
NH2 C H COOH (CARBOXYL) |
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Two amino acids linked together for a ______________ bond. In a _____________ rxn. |
Peptide Dehydration |
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______________ dictate the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein. |
Genes |
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_________________________ hold DNA together at the nitrogenous base. |
Hydrogen bonds |
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What are the 4 levels of protein organization? |
Primary Structure- linear sequence Secondary Structure- twisting and folding Tertiary Structure- 3d configuration Quaternary- 2 or more polypeptides |
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What is the consequence of a change in the primary structure of a protein? |
Mutation |
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What chemical changes occur when a protein is denatured? |
Hydrogen bonds begin to break
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Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? |
Phobic |
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What is an example of a simple lipid? |
Fats or triglicerides glycerol head, 3 fatty acid tails |
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The use of simple lipids as fuel in the body form a _______________ rxn. |
Dehydration
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In order to make saturated fat more fluid you can___________________&____________________. |
Shorten the bonds Desaturize double carbon bonds |
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Cholesterol is found in ______________________. |
Mycoplasm |
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What is an example of a complex lipid? |
Phospholipids & cholesterol |
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What substance is a primary component of biological membranes? |
Phospholipids |
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Cholesterol have __________ tails. |
2
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