Micro Exam 1

Front 1

Disinfection

Back 1

The application of an antimicrobial agent to inert surfaces, such as floors and/or tabletops

Front 2

Group Translocation

Back 2

The use of energy to move AND modify a molecule as it's brought across the membrane (not dependent on concentration gradient)

Front 3

In considering the natural cycles of infection, what is a candy jar disease? Explain.

Back 3

A candy jar disease isn't always a disease related to the infection cycle once in the host, some pathogens may cause disease that is not beneficial to either organism

Front 4

What are the three reservoirs of infection?

Back 4

human, animal, nonliving

Front 5

In 1900 food came from within 100 miles of home. Today food is global. What is the disease implication of this statement?

Back 5

The importing/ exporting of food from far away locations could also include the importing/exporting of disease with said food. Regarding the spread of infection disease, the

Front 6

T/F Many antibiotics originally come from other microorganisms

Back 6

True

Front 7

T/F The emergency room is sometimes the source of disease transmission

Back 7

True

Front 8

T/F The fixation of gaseous nitrogen is part of the nitrogen cycle

Back 8

True

Front 9

A molecule that consists of a single sugar unit is called

Back 9

simple sugar

Front 10

Immunity that is the organisms specific response

Back 10

Adaptive immunity

Front 11

Flagella are covered with a membrane and use ATP

Back 11

Eukarya

Front 12

The smallest organism are the

Back 12

viruses

Front 13

Movement of water across the membrane is best known as

Back 13

osmosis

Front 14

a gram negative is purple or pink?

Back 14

pink

Front 15

Carbolfuchsin is the primary stain for the ___ strain

Back 15

acid fast

Front 16

Some eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria and chloroplasts as organelles. These two organelles originate from which kingdom of life?

Back 16

fungi

Front 17

cell drinking is known as

Back 17

pinocytosis

Front 18

proteins that are the workers of the cell, building and breaking things down are known as

Back 18

structural proteins

Front 19

Haemophilus influenzae aegyptius, in this name "Haemophilus" is the

Back 19

genus

Front 20

mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted most rapidly by

Back 20

drug resistant TB

Front 21

peptidoglycan is found in the

Back 21

eubacteria

Front 22

which of the following organisms can be seen by a gram stain?

Back 22

spirilliums (spirochetes, mycoplasma, and mycobacteria cannot)

Front 23

eubacterial peptidoglycan is sensitive to

Back 23

lysozyme

Front 24

capsule, antibody proteases, and LPS are examples of things that are needed for

Back 24

immune evasion

Front 25

infections of man are not associated with which group of bacteria

Back 25

archae

Front 26

a polymer of sugar residues that is used to coat the surface of a bacteria or a eukaryote is a

Back 26

capsule

Front 27

lipid A is an example of a

Back 27

endotoxin

Front 28

opportunistic infections

Back 28

rarely cause disease in a normal host

Front 29

the axial filament is

Back 29

a flagella found in the spirochaetes

Front 30

a molecule that allows for the binding of free iron is known as a(n)

Back 30

siderophore

Front 31

the function of hyaluronidase is to

Back 31

digest the extracellular matrix

Front 32

primary means of hyaluronidase

Back 32

digest the extracellular matrix

Front 33

primary means of transmission is blood

Back 33

hepatitis C

Front 34

infection through the skin layer is known as the

Back 34

parenteral route

Front 35

a recently discovered disease that is becoming increasingly important is known as a ____ disease

Back 35

emerging

Front 36

a sudden increase in the number of new cases of a disease is known as

Back 36

epidemic

Front 37

the process of sensing cell-density by bacteria is called

Back 37

quorum sensing

Front 38

the incidence of disease in a population in a specified time is the

Back 38

prevalence

Front 39

mycobacterium tuberculosis is most common in what part of the USA

Back 39

dd

Front 40

Peptidoglycan is found in the

Back 40

eubacteria

Front 41

which of the following organisms can be seen by a gram stain (spirochetes, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, spirilliums)

Back 41

spirilliums

Front 42

eubacterial peptidoglycan is sensitive to

Back 42

lysozyme

Front 43

capsule, antibody proteases, and LPS are examples of things that are needed for

Back 43

immune evasion

Front 44

infections of man are not associated with which group of bacteria

Back 44

archae

Front 45

a polymer of sugar residues that is used to coat the surface of a bacteria or a eukaryote is a

Back 45

capsule

Front 46

lipid A is an example of a

Back 46

endotoxin

Front 47

opportunistic infections:

Back 47

rarely cause disease in a normal host

Front 48

the axial filament is

Back 48

a flagella found in the spirochaetes

Front 49

a molecule that allows for the binding of free iron is known as a

Back 49

siderophore

Front 50

the function of hyaluronidase is to

Back 50

digest the extracellular matrix

Front 51

primary means of transmission is blood:

Back 51

hep C

Front 52

infection through the skin layer is known as the

Back 52

parenteral route

Front 53

a recently discovered disease that is becoming increasingly important

Back 53

emerging disease

Front 54

how many patients die annually from nosocomial infections in the USA

Back 54

23,000

Front 55

a sudden increase in the number of new cases of a disease

Back 55

epidemic

Front 56

the process of sensing cell density by bacteria is known as

Back 56

quorum sensing

Front 57

the incidence of disease in a population in a specified time is known as

Back 57

prevalence

Front 58

mycobacteria tuberulosis is most common in what part of the USA

Back 58

dd

Front 59

controlling the spread of infection by cleaning/treating an inanimate surface is known as

Back 59

sterilization of fomites

Front 60

pili are an example of

Back 60

an attachment factor

Front 61

lipids with interlocking rings of carbon are often

Back 61

steroids

Front 62

T/F when studying living things it is best to look for natural cycle of events

Back 62

true

Front 63

of the world's total population, what percentage have a TB infection of some kind?

Back 63

30%

Front 64

we can culture approximately what percentage of known human flora?

Back 64

35%

Front 65

transmission of a disease agent by a mosquito is called a

Back 65

zoonotic agent

Front 66

an example of a viral hemorrhagic fever is

Back 66

ebola

Front 67

west nile virus is associated with

Back 67

encephalitis, meningitis, and muscle stiffness

Front 68

a virulence gene for a pilus is turned off, later that same gene is turned on, this is known as

Back 68

phase variation

Front 69

kissing your friend on the lips is

Back 69

direct contact transmission

Front 70

which of the following populations is NOT likely to be immune compromised?

Back 70

young adults

Front 71

TDR TB is currently found in

Back 71

India

Front 72

a patient who has a productive cough with acid fast bacillus most likely has

Back 72

mycobacterium leprae

Front 73

the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic that killed more than 25 million people is thought to be caused by

Back 73

influenza

Front 74

the nucleus is found in

Back 74

all eukaryotes and no prokaryotes

Front 75

the part of the cytoskeleton used for movement is

Back 75

actin and microtubules

Front 76

the lysosomes are

Back 76

digestive sacs

Front 77

endospores are very resistant to heat, drying, and radiation because

Back 77

they are dormant

Front 78

immune evasion allows for ______ which allows for transmission

Back 78

colonization

Front 79

flesh eating disease is an example of what kind of infection

Back 79

invasive

Front 80

an enzyme that lyses red blood cells is

Back 80

hemolysin

Front 81

Immunity that is the organism's nonspecific response

Back 81

innate immunity

Front 82

A strain is a:

Back 82

grouping smaller than a genus

Front 83

The ability to cause disease is associated with the _______of a pathogen

Back 83

virulence

Front 84

Sanitation:

Back 84

removal of dirt and dust from a surface

Front 85

Mary Malon was responsible for spreading

Back 85

salmonella typhi

Front 86

In the name Haemophilus influenzae aegyptius: the name influenzae is the

Back 86

species

Front 87

T/F: All bacteria are harmful.

Back 87

False

Front 88

John Snow was able to control an outbreak of ___________ by removing the pump handle to the well

Back 88

cholerae

Front 89

Microorganisms are responsible for all nitrogen fixation

Back 89

true

Front 90

Viruses infect which domains of life?

Back 90

Archae, Bacteria, and Eukarya

Front 91

The most common single cause of infectious death

Back 91

HIV

Front 92

A macromolecule made of sugar is

Back 92

saccharide

Front 93

The linkage of two amino acids is known as a

Back 93

peptide bond

Front 94

the process of going from RNA to protein is called

Back 94

translation

Front 95

Prokaryotes consist of the following kingdoms:

Back 95

eubacteria and archae

Front 96

A group of 8 bacterial cells is called

Back 96

sarcina

Front 97

A bacteria shaped like a flexible long spiral is called

Back 97

a spirochaete

Front 98

The nucleus has three components: Which of these doesn't it have?

Back 98

Nucleon

Front 99

A receptor that a virus binds to is typically found in the

Back 99

cytoplasmic membrane

Front 100

The location of the cell where there are hundreds of enzymes, ribosomes, and simple molecules is best described as

Back 100

cytoplasm

Front 101

Taking cholera toxin from outside the cell to the endoplasmic reticulum is known as

Back 101

retrograde transport

Front 102

Which of the following structures is NOT highly variable

Back 102

peptidoglycan

Front 103

An acid fast postive organism will stain:

Back 103

pink/red

Front 104

Which of the following appendages are not found on prokaryotes?

Back 104

cilia

Front 105

Nonessential DNA is known as:

Back 105

plasmid

Front 106

What three things are needed for transmissibility?

Back 106

Sufficient numbers

To get to a new host

A susceptible host