Micro 310 Exam 1

Front 1

T/F: If a substance is reduced, it gains electrons

Back 1

TRUE

Front 2

T/F: Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram- negative cell walls

Back 2

FALSE

Front 3

What type of energy-yielding metabolism is found ONLY in prokaryotes? a) chemoorganotrophy, b) phototrophy c) chemolithotrophy d) autotrophy

Back 3

chemolithotrophy

Front 4

T/F: DNA-binding proteins typically affect translation of a protein

Back 4

FALSE

Front 5

Which enzyme aids in replication of DNA at the guanine rich 3' end of strand of DNA? a) telomerase b) RNAse c) DNA polymerase d) hydrolase

Back 5

telomerase

Front 6

Promoters are specific sequences of __ that are recognized by __ a. DNA / RNA pol (core enzyme) b. RNA/ DNA pol (core enzyme) c. DNA / sigma factor d. RNA/ RNA pol (core enzyme)

Back 6

DNA/ RNA pol

Front 7

The time between inoculation and beginning of growth is usually called the a. lag phase b. log phase c. dormant phase d. death

Back 7

lag phase

Front 8

If delta G is negative, the rxn is a. exergonic and requires the input of energy b. endergonic and requires the input of energy c. exergonic and energy will be released d. endergonic and energy will be released

Back 8

exergonic and energy will be released

Front 9

T/F: In phototaxis, photosynthetic organisms move away from a light source

Back 9

FALSE

Front 10

T/F: phototrophs use light as an energy source

Back 10

TRUE

Front 11

A pasteur flask has a(n) a. swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask b. double neck so two substances may be added at the same time c. secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage d. inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling

Back 11

swan neck

Front 12

T/F: in eukaryotes, DNA is wound around clusters of histones, forming structures known as nucleosomes

Back 12

TRUE

Front 13

the function of kinase is a. methylation b. response regulation c. phosphorylation d. glycosylation

Back 13

phosphorylation

Front 14

T/F: one problem with batch cultures is the change in the chemical composition of the medium as growth progresses

Back 14

TRUE

Front 15

T/F: some membrane proteins are involved in bioenergetic rxns, while some others are involved in membrane transport

Back 15

TRUE

Front 16

as each molecule of pyruvate traverses the citric acid cyle, how many molecules of CO2 are generated a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Back 16

3

Front 17

microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in __, while those playing a role in digestive tract of certain herbivores lie in __ a. rumens/ nodules b. nodules/ rumens c. nodules/ fortrans d. fortrans/ rumes

Back 17

nodules/ rumes

Front 18

organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are a. archaea b. bacteria c. fungi d. viruses

Back 18

archaea

Front 19

T/F: transcriptional regulation is considered negative when an inducer binds to and deactivates a repressor

Back 19

TRUE

Front 20

T/F: introns and exons are found in eukarya, but they are rare in both bacteria and archaea

Back 20

TRUE

Front 21

T/F: DNA replication is bidirectional in prokaryotes w/ circular chromosomes

Back 21

true?

Front 22

An organism capable of growth at full oxygen tensions of 21% is a. aerobic b. microaerophilic c. aerotolerant d. anaerobic

Back 22

aerobic

Front 23

the presence of membrane-enclosed organelles is a characteristic of a. prokaryotic cells b. eukaryotic cells c. all cells d. viruses

Back 23

eukaryotic cells

Front 24

developments in the field of immunology and medical microbiology were practical extensions of the work of a. sergei winogradsky b. antoni van leeuwenhoek c. joseph lister d. robert koch

Back 24

robert koch

Front 25

when arginine is added to a culture growing exponentially in a medium w/o arginine, what occurs? a. all cellular growth ceases b. growth continues, but the production of enzymes required for the synthesis of arginine ceases c. growth cont, but the prod of enzymes req for the synthesis of arginine increases d. the cell returns to the lag stage of growth to syn the proteins necessary for the metabolism of arginine

Back 25

growth cont, but prod of enzyme req for syn of arg ceases

Front 26

the processes of transcription and translation are coupled processes in a. eukaryotic cells b. prokaryotic cells c. both d. neither

Back 26

prokaryotic cells

Front 27

AT- rich DNa will denature/ melt a. at highe temp than GC- rich DNA b. at lower temp than GC- rich DNa c. usually at the same temp as GC- rich DNA with some minor variations d. in accordance w/ the animal or plant from which it was taken

Back 27

lower temp than GC- rich DNA

Front 28

Which environmental factor (s) influence microbial growth? a. pH b. water availability c. oxygen d. all of the above

Back 28

all of the above

Front 29

As shown in the diagram, the F1 component of an ATP synthase was fixed on a coverslip surfce and an actin filament was attached to the gamma subunit. Using this experimental set up, scientists demonstrated that: a. proton motive force drives ATP synthesis b. F1 component of ATP synthase rotates as it functions as an ATPase c. F1 component of ATP synthase is a molecular motor that moves along the actin filament d. actin filament, instead of proton motive force can be used to drive ATP synthesis

Back 29

F1 component of ATP synthase rotates as it fxns as an ATPase

Front 30

carrier mediated transport is necessary when a. diffusion will not allow adequate amts of substance to enter the cell b. movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient c. the level of nutrients in nature is very low d. all of the above

Back 30

all of the above

Front 31

T/F: lynn margulis played a major role in developing endosymbiosis theory, which was critical for understanding the evolution of eukaryotic cells

Back 31

TRUE

Front 32

the largest mass of living material on earth comes from a. microorganisms b. plants c. animals d. plants and animals together

Back 32

microorganisms

Front 33

in what/which domain(s) of life is/are microoganisms represented a. archaea b. bacteria c. eukarya d. all of the above

Back 33

all of the above

Front 34

which of the following is/are characteristic of cellualr organisms? a. metabolism b. regeneration and reproduction c. communication d. all of the avove

Back 34

all of the above

Front 35

the polysaccharide pseudomurein is present in the walls of a. bacteria b. eukarya c. some archaea d. bacteria and archaea

Back 35

some archaea

Front 36

aseptic technique refers to a. microbial inoculum placed into a test tube or onto a petri plate b. prevention of contamination c. autoclave and other sterilizing procedures d. cleanliness in lab

Back 36

prevention of contamination

Front 37

from the standpoint of microorganism, in glycolysis the crucial product is a. ATP; the fermentaion products are waste products b. ehtanol or lactate; ATP is a waste product c. CO2; ATP is a waste product d. not relevant bc glycolysis is not a major pathway

Back 37

ATP; fermentation products are waste products

Front 38

An agar plate for counting colonies and maximizing statistical validity should ideally contain a. 10-100 b. 20-200 c. 30-300 d. 10-1000

Back 38

30-300

Front 39

alternative sigma factors in the cell regulate a. negative ionic response b. heat shock response c. electrical gradient response d. RNA pol response

Back 39

RNA pol response

Front 40

protein-encoding genes are often split into two or more coing regions called _ and noncoding regions known as _ a. exons/introns b. introns / exons c. exon/inteins d. introns/exteins

Back 40

exons/introns

Front 41

the precursor of each new nucleotide in a strand of DNA is a a. deoxynucleoside 5' - diphosphate b. deoxynucleoside 3' diphosphate c. deoxynucleoside 5' - triphosphate d. doexynucleoside 3' triphosphate

Back 41

deoxynucleoside 5' triphosphate

Front 42

which of the following forms of O2 is generally toxic to lving organisms? a. superoxide anion b. hydrogen peroxide c. hydroxyl radical d. all of the above

Back 42

all

Front 43

siderophores a. bind iron and transport it into the cell b. are key compenent in the cytochromes c. help maintain osmotic balance in seawater microbes d. develop when errors in membrane synthesis occur

Back 43

bind iron and transport it into the cell

Front 44

the periplasm is a(n) a. part of the outer cell membrane of gram-negative organisms b. part of the inner membrane of gram-negative organisms c. region btwn the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria d. alternate name for the inner cell membrane of any prokaryotic cell

Back 44

region between

Front 45

mRNa transcript may be polycistronic in a. eukaryotic cells b. prokaryotic cells c. both d. neither

Back 45

prokaryotic cells

Front 46

T/F:proteins that bind to DNa can either block or activate transcription

Back 46

TRUE

Front 47

the ultimate limit of what we are able to see with a microscope is dictated by b. resolution c. light intensity d. visual acuity

Back 47

resolution

Front 48

which of the following is NOT correct regarding DNA and RNa synthesis? a. the overall direction of chain growth is from 5' to 3' end b. both processes require an RNA primer to begin c. the template strand is antiparallel to the neqly synthesized strand d. DNA is the template for both DNA and RNa synthesis

Back 48

both processes require an RNA primer to begin

Front 49

T/F: most prokaryotic genomes are double stranded circular DNA

Back 49

TRUE