Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Coccus shape |
Round |
|
|
Bacillus shape |
Rod |
|
|
Coccobacillus shape |
Short rod |
|
|
Spiral vs spirochette |
Spirochette is a true spiral while spiral is just wavy |
|
|
Sprillium shape |
Wavy |
|
|
Diplo |
Two |
|
|
Strepto |
Chains |
|
|
Tetrad |
Four |
|
|
Sarcinae |
Eight |
|
|
Staph |
Grape cluster |
|
|
Rossette |
Stocks with radiating cells |
|
|
What is the function of the bacterial cell wall |
Maintains shape, prevents the cell from bursting in a hypo osmotic condition. |
|
|
Peptidoglycon |
Fence like structure Both gram positive and negative |
|
|
Teichoic acid |
Only in gram positive organisms Where bacteriophage attach to the cell and insert dna |
|
|
Outer membrane |
Only in gram negatives |
|
|
Lipopolysacchride (LPS - ENDOTOXIN ) |
found in the outer membrane Causes blood vessel dialation and fever Issues with the elderly and immunosuppressed |
|
|
Periplasmic space |
Gap between cell and cell membrane. Active cell metabolism |
|
|
Gram Positive cell wall |
Thick layer of pepitoglycan Stains purple with crystal violet |
|
|
Gram negative cell wa |
Thinner cell wall Have an outer membrane Stains red with safarinin |
|
|
5 things about acid fast cell walls |
1. Thick cell wall, mostly made of lipids 2. Carbolfusion binds cytoplasm 3. Slow growth 4. Can stain gram postive 5. mycobacteria, such as TB |
|
|
Structures of the prokaryotic cells: Nuclear region |
Not bound by membrane One large circular chromosome and plasmids |
|
|
Structures of the prokaryotic cells: Chromatophores |
Found in photosynthesis and cyanobacteria Contain pigments that absorb light |
|
|
Structures of the prokaryotic cells: Endospores |
Metabolically active cells, vegetative cells at a resting stage |
|
|
4 external structures of prokaryotic cells |
Flagella Axial filaments Pili Glycocalyx |
|
|
Monotrichous |
One flagellum at one end |
|
|
Amphitrichious |
Two flagella one at each end |
|
|
Lophitrichous |
Two or more flagella at one or both enss |
|
|
Peritrichous |
Many flagella all over |
|
|
Axial filaments |
Present on the inside of sprochetes |
|
|
Pili |
Hollow projections |
|
|
Conjugation pili |
Allow transfer of genetic material |
|
|
Attachment pili |
Help bacteria stick to surfaces and increase pathogenicity. |
|
|
Glycocalyx |
Any polysaccharide ouside of the cell wall. Can be capsules or slime layer like dental plaque |
|
|
Chemotaxis |
Movement of cells toward or away from a chemical substance |
|
|
Life began on earth _____ years ago with _____ |
4 billion First prokaryotic cells |
|
|
Endosymbiosis |
Internal organelles of eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes living inside them. |
|
|
Three ways to move across a membrane |
Diffusion Osmosis Active transport |
|
|
Exocytosis Exocytosis |
Extrusion |
|
|
Evidence of Endosymbiosis 4 involving mitochondia and chloroplasts similarities 2 about organelles 1 about just chloroplasts |
1. Mitochondia and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA 2. mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotes 3. Mitochondia and chloroplasts divide by binary fusion 4. Mitochondria and chloroplasts double membrane resembles gram negative cell membranes 5. Organellea have 70S ribsomes compared to the 80S of eukaryotes 6. organelles carry out protein synthesis similar to prokaryotes 7. Chloroplasts structure is similar to photosynthetic cyanobacteria. |
|
|
Endocytosis |
Engulfment |
|
|
Diffusion |
High to low concentration |
|
|
Active transport |
Moving molecules across a cell membrane into higher concentration assisted by enzymes |
|
|
Osmosis |
Movement across a semipermiable membrane into higher concentration to make the solutes equal. |
|
|
3 ways euka and proks are the same |
Use atp Have ribsomes that make protein Use locomotion |
|
|
Prokaryotes have a higher blank to blank ratio |
Surface area to volume |
