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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryote
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Greek for prenucleus |
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Eukaryote
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Greek for true nucleus
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Characteristics of Prokaryotic cells
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one circular chromosome, not in a membrane no histone proteins associated w/ DNA no membrane bound organelles peptidoglycan cell wall (only domain bacteria) reproduce by binary fission 70S (rRNA) ribosomes (makes proteins) |
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size and basic shapes of prokaryotic cells
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size range: 0.2-2.0 um x 2-8um basic shapes: coccus (spherical) bacillus (rod-shaped) spiral (curvature, spiral) most bacteria are monomorphic (change once) a few are pleomorphic (many shapes) |
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arrangements of prokaryotic cells
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pairs: diplococci, diplobacilli chains: streptococci, streptobacilli tetrad: tetracoccus clusters: staphylococci |
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structures external to cell wall (prokaryotic cells)
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glycocalyx: gelatinous polymer that is located exteral to cell wall. it is viscous (sticky) and composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide or both
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capsule
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organized and firmly attached to cell wall (capsules prevent phagocytosis)
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slime layer
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unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall (slime layers allow cells to attach)
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flagella
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long filamentous appendages
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flagella characteristics
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outside cell wall used for motility made of chains of flagellin (bundle proteins) attached to a protein hook anchored to the cell wall and membrane by the basal body |
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flagella arrangement
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monotrichous: one flagella amphitrichous: flagella at both ends of bacteria lophotrichous: 2+ flagella at ONE end peritrichous: flagella all the way around |
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trichous
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flagella
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