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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All Living cells share |
cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA chromosomes, ribosomes, protein, metabolism |
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characteristics of life |
reproduction and heredity (asexual/sexual) growth and development metabolism movement cells transport of nutrients and waste |
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heredity |
transmission of genetic material to the next generation in the form of carrying DNA |
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prokaryotic cell (external) |
appendages, flagella, pili, fimbriae, gylcocalyx (capsule/ slim layer), |
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prokaryotic cell (cell envelope) |
cell wall and cell memebrane |
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prokaryotic cell (internal) |
cytoplasmic matrix, ribosomes, inclusions, nucleiod/ chromosomes, actin cytoskeleton, endospore |
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Shapes |
rod =bacillus spiral - coma = vibrio / spirilla, spirachete round = cocci star = stella square = haloarcula |
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arrangements |
strepto - chains pairs - diplo (2) staphylo - cluster tetrad - groups of 4 |
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flagella |
provide the power of motility (allows cell to swim freely) |
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arrangement of flagella |
polar - cell is attached at 1 or both ends of the cell monotrichous- 1 flagella lophotrichous- small bunches on same side amphitrichous- flagella emerging on both sides peritrichous- emerging all around random sides |
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flagella responses |
chemical stimuli - chemotaxis light stimuli - phototaxis |
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other appendages |
fimbriae - fine hairlike bristles made up of protein, stick to other cells and surfaces pili- rigid tubes of protein, only on gram-negative cells, DNA transfer called conjugation |
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glycocalyx |
coating of external cell wall made of sugar and protein, protect cells from dehydration and nutrient loss, inhibit killing by white blood cells and attachment slime layer - loosely organized and attached capsule - highly organized and tightly attached |
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functions of cell wall |
hold shape, prevents bursting, attaches outer layer, contains peptidoglycan |
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gram stain negative cell wall |
periplasmic space with thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharides, lipid - toxic when released during infections, function as receptors and blocking immune response, contain porin- transport proteins |
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gram positive cell wall |
thick peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, may have small periplasmic space, stains easily, no LPS |
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nontypical cell wall |
acid fast gram positive plus lipid mycolic acid pathogenicity, resistance to certain chemicals and dyes some have no cell wall pleomorphic - variable in shape sterols in membrane |
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cell membrane |
phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins called fluid mosaic providing site for energy reaction, nutrient processing and synthesis |
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chromosome |
single, circular, double stranded DNA molecule contain all the genetic information of the cell |
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plasmids |
free small circular, double stranded DNA not essential to bacterial growth and metabolism used in genetic engineering |
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bacterial internal structures |
inclusions and granules - storage bodies, some are magnetic to align with earth's geomagnetic field to help swim downward towards low oxygen area. cytoskeleton- internal network. endospores- to survive on harsh climates, resistant to extreme heat, freezing, drying, radiation, chemicals and more |
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prokaryotes with unusual characteristics |
free living nonpathogenic- gliding fruiting bacteria photosynthetic bacteria- use photosynthesis cynobacteria - photosynthetic chlorophyll, ancestor of chloroplast of eukaryotes green and purple sulfur bacteria - photosynthetic, anaerobic (don't give off oxygen) |
