Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
SPORULATION
|
THE PROCESS OF SPORE AND ENDOSPORE FORMATION; ALSO CALLED SPOROGENESIS
|
|
SMOOTH ER
|
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM WITHOUT RIBOSOMES
|
|
CISTERN
|
A FLATTENED MEMBRANOUS SAC IN ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND GOLGI COMPLEX
|
|
CILIATE
|
A MEMBER OF THE PROTOZOAN PHYLUM CHILIOPHORA THAT USES CILIA FOR LOCOMOTION
|
|
STREPTOCOCCI (SING. STREPTOCOCCUS)
|
(1) COCCI THAT REMAIN ATTACHED IN CHAINS AFTER CELL DIVISION (2) WRITTEN AS A GENUS, REFERS TO A GRAM-POSITIVE, CATALASE-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
|
|
HISTONE
|
A PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH DNA IN EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES
|
|
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
|
THE PROPERTY OF A PLASMA MEMBRANE TO ALLOW CERTAIN IONS AND MOLECULES TO MOVE THROUGH THE MEMBRANE WHILE RESTRICTING OTHERS
|
|
COCCOBACILLUS (pl. COCCOBACILLI)
|
A BACTERIUM THAT IS AN OVAL ROD
|
|
SPHEROPLAST
|
A GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIUM TREATED TO DAMAGE THE CELL WALL, RESULTING IN A SPHERICAL CELL
|
|
PELLICLE
|
(1) THE FLEXIBLE COVERING OF SOME PROTOZOA (2) SCUM ON THE SURFACE OF A LIQUID MEDIUM
|
|
POLYPEPTIDE
|
(1) A CHAIN OF AMINO ACIDS (2)A GROUP OF ANTIBIOTICS
|
|
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
|
THE DOUBLE MEMBRANE THAT SEPARATES THE NUCLEUS FROM THE CYTOPLASM IN A EUKARYOTIC CELL
|
|
ENDOSPORE
|
A RESTING STRUCTURE FORMED INSIDE SOME BACTERIA
|
|
TRANSPORT VESICLE
|
MEMBRANE-BOUND SACS THAT MOVE PROTEINS FROM ROUGH ER TO GOLGI COMPLEX
|
|
FIMBRIA (pl. FIMBRIAE)
|
AN APPENDAGE ON A BACTERIAL CELL USED FOR ATTACHMENT
|
|
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)
|
A MOLECULE CONSISTING OF A LIPID AND A POLYSACCHARIDE, FORMING THE OUTER MEMBRANE OF GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALLS
|
|
PROKARYOTE
|
A CELL WHOSE GENETIC MATERIAL IS NOT ENCLOSED IN A NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
|
|
CAPSULE
|
AN OUTER, VISCOUS COVERING ON SOME BACTERIA COMPOSED OF A POLYSACCHARIDE OR POLYPEPTIDE
|
|
CARBOXYSOME
|
A PROKARYOTIC INCLUSION CONTAINING RIBULOSE 1,5-DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE
|
|
PORINS
|
A TYPE OF PROTEIN IN THE OUTER MEMBRANE OF GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALLS THAT PERMITS THE PASSAGE OF SMALL MOLECULES
|
|
CENTROSOME
|
REGION IN A EUKARYOTIC CELL CONSISTING OF A PERICENTRIOLAR AREA (PROTEIN FIBERS) AND A PAIR OF CENTRIOLES; INVOLVED IN FORMATION OF THE MITOTIC SPINDLE
|
|
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
|
NET MOVEMENT OF A SUBSTANCE ACROSS A MEMBRANE AGAINST A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT; REQUIRES THE CELL TO EXPEND ENERGY
|
|
OSMOTIC LYSIS
|
RUPTURE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE RESULTING FROM MOVEMENT OF WATER INTO THE CELL
|
|
MOTILITY
|
THE ABILITY OF AN ORGANISM TO MOVE BY ITSELF
|
|
GLYCOCALYX
|
A GELATINOUS POLYMER SURROUNDING A CELL
|
|
SEROVAR
|
A VARIATION WITHIN A SPECIES; ALSO CALLED SEROTYPE
|
|
CHLOROPLAST
|
THE ORGANELLE THAT PERFORMS PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC EUKARYOTES
|
|
SPIRILLUM (pl. SPIRILLA)
|
(1) A HELICAL OR CORKSCREW-SHAPED BACTERIUM (2) WHEN WRITTEN AS A GENUS, REFERS TO AEROBIC, HELICAL BACTERIA WITH CLUMPS OF POLAR FLAGELLA
|
|
RIBOSOME
|
THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN A CELL, COMPOSED OF RNA AND PROTEIN
|
|
NUCLEOID
|
THE REGION IN A BACTERIAL CELL CONTAINING THE CHROMOSOME
|
|
PHOTOTAXIS
|
MOVEMENT IN RESPONSE TO THE PRESENCE OF LIGHT
|
|
GAS VACUOLE
|
A PROKARYOTIC INCLUSION FOR BUOYANCY COMPENSATION
|
|
METACHROMATIC GRANULE
|
A GRANULE THAT STORES INORGANIC PHOSPHATE AND STAINS RED WITH CERTAIN BLUE DYES; CHARACTERISTIC OF CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS VOLUTIN
|
|
STORAGE VESICLE
|
ORGANELLES THAT FORM FROM THE GOLGI COMPLEX; CONTAIN PROTEINS MADE IN THE ROUGH ER AND PROCESSED IN THE GOLGI COMPLEX
|
|
INCLUSION
|
MATERIAL HELD INSIDE A CELL, OFTEN CONSISTING OF RESERVE DEPOSITS
|
|
MICROTUBULE
|
A HOLLOW TUBE MADE OF THE PROTEIN TUBULIN; THE STRUCTURAL UNIT OF EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLA AND CENTRIOLES
|
|
GOLGI COMPLEX
|
AN ORGANELLE INVOLVED IN THE SECRETION OF CERTAIN PROTEINS
|
|
FLAGELLUM (pl. FLAGELLA)
|
A THIN APPENDAGE FROM THE SURFACE OF A CELL; USED FOR CELLULAR LOCOMOTION; COMPOSED OF FLAGELLIN IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS, COMPOSED OF NINE PAIRS PLUS TWO MICROTUBULES IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
|
|
SECRETORY VESICLE
|
A MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED SAC PRODUCED BY THE ER; TRANSPORTS SYNTHESIZED MATERIAL INTO CYTOPLASM
|
|
HYPOTONIC (HYPOOSMOTIC) SOLUTION
|
A SOLUTION THAT HAS A LOWER CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES THAN AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION
|
|
PHOSPHOLIPID
|
A COMPLEX LIPID COMPOSED OF GLYCEROL, TWO FATTY ACIDS AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP
|
|
CYTOSOL
|
THE FLUID PORTION OF CYTOPLASM
|
|
PILUS (pl. PILI)
|
AN APPENDAGE ON A BACTERIAL CELL USED FOR THE TRANSFER OF GENETIC MATERIAL DURING CONJUGATION
|
|
LOPHOTRICHOUS
|
HAVING TWO OR MORE FLAGELLA AT ONE END OF A CELL
|
|
MESOSOME
|
AN IRREGULAR FOLD IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF A PROKARYOTIC CELL THAT IS AN ARTIFACT OF PREPARATION FOR MICROSCOPY
|
|
VACUOLE
|
AN INTRACELLULAR INCLUSION, IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS, SURROUNDED BY A PLASMA MEMBRANE; IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS, SURROUNDED BY PROTEINACEOUS MEMBRANE
|
|
THYLAKOID
|
A CHLOROPHYLL-CONTAINING MEMBRANE IN A CHLOROPLAST. A BACTERIAL THYLAKOID IS ALSO KNOWN AS A CHROMATOPHORE
|
|
CENTRIOLE
|
A STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF NINE MICROTUBULE TRIPLETS, FOUND IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
|
|
STREPTOBACILLI (SING. STREPTOBACILLUS)
|
RODS THAT REMAIN ATTACHED IN CHAINS AFTER CELL DIVISION
|
|
OSMOSIS
|
THE NET MOVEMENT OF SOLVENT MOLECULES ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE FROM AN AREA OF LOWER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION
|
|
CRISTA (pl. CRISTAE)
|
FOLDING OF THE INNER MEMBRANE OF A MITOCONDRION
|
|
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
|
THE MODEL FOR THE EVOLUTION OF EUKARYOTES WHICH STATES THAT ORGANELLES AROSE FROM PROKARYOTIC CELLS LIVING INSIDE A HOST PROKARYOTE
|
|
PROTOPLAST
|
A GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIUM OR PLANT CELL TREATED TO REMOVE THE CELL WALL
|
|
STAPHYLOCOCCI (sing. STAPHYLOCOCCUS)
|
COCCI IN A GRAPELIKE CLUSTER OR BROAD SHEET
|
|
BINARY FISSION
|
PROKARYOTIC CELL REPRODUCTION BY DIVISION INTO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS
|
|
ROUGH ER
|
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM WITH RIBOSOMES ON ITS SURFACE
|
|
PINOCYTOSIS
|
THE ENGULFING OF FLUID BY INFOLDING OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE, IN EUKARYOTES
|
|
CHROMATOPHORE
|
AN INFOLDING OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WHERE BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL IS LOCATED IN PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA; ALSO KNOWN AS THYLAKOIDS
|
|
MONOTRICHOUS
|
HAVING A SINGLE FLAGELLUM
|
|
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
|
THE STRUCTURAL MOLECULE OF BACTERIA CELL WALLS CONSISTING OF THE MOLECULES N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE, N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID, TETRAPEPTIDE SIDE CHAIN, AND PEPTIDE SIDE CHAIN
|
|
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
|
THE MOVEMENT OF A SUBSTANCE ACROSS A PLASMA MEMBRANE FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION, MEDIATED BY TRANSPORT PROTEINS
|
|
FORESPORE
|
A STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF CHROMOSOME, CYTOPLASM, AND ENDOSPORE MEMBRANE INSIDE A BACTERIAL WALL
|
|
BACILLUS (pl. BACILLI)
|
(1) ANY ROD-SHAPED BACTERIUM (2) WHEN WRITTEN AS A GENUS (BACILLUS) REFERS TO ROD-SHAPED, ENDOSPORE-FORMING, FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC, GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
|
|
EQUILIBRIUM
|
THE POINT OF EVEN DISTRIBUTION
|
|
LYSIS
|
(1) DESTRUCTION OF A CELL BY THE RUPTURE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE RESULTING IN A LOSS OF CYTOPLASM (2)IN DISEASE, A GRADUAL PERIOD OF DECLINE
|
|
CHROMOSOME
|
THE STRUCTURE THAT CARIES HEREDITARY INFORMATION, CHROMOSOMES CONTAIN GENES
|
|
TEICHOIC ACID
|
A POLYSACCHARIDE FOUND IN GRAM-POSITIVE CELL WALLS
|
|
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
|
THE FORCE WITH WHICH A SOLVENT MOVES FROM A SOLUTION OF LOWER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION TO A SOLUTION OF HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION
|
|
NUCLEOLUS (pl. NUCLEOLI)
|
AN AREA IN A EUKARYOTIC NUCLEUS WHERE rRNA IS SYNTHESIZED
|
|
PLASMID
|
A SMALL CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE THAT REPLICATES INDEPENDENTLY OF THE CHROMOSOME
|
|
DIPLOBACILLI (sing. DIPLOBACILLUS)
|
RODS THAT DIVIDE AND REMAIN ATTACHED IN PAIRS
|
|
DIPLOCOCCI (sing. DIPLOCOCUS)
|
COCCI THAT DIVDE AND REMAIN IN PAIRS
|
|
NUCLEAR PORE
|
AN OPENING IN THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE THROUGH WHICH MATERIALS ENTER AND EXIT THE NUCLEUS
|
|
MAGNETOSOME
|
AN IRON-OXIDE INCLUSION, PRODUCED BY SOME GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA, THAT ACTS LIKE A MAGNET
|
|
TAXIS
|
MOVEMENT IN RESPONSE TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULUS
|
|
HYPERTONIC (HYPEROSMOTIC) SOLUTION
|
A SOLUTION THAT HAS A HIGHER CONCENTRAION OF SOLUTES THAN AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION
|
|
TRANSFER VESICLE
|
MEMBRANE-BOUND SACS THAT MOVE PROTEINS FROM THE GOLGI COMPLEX TO SPECIFIC AREAS IN THE CELL
|
|
TRANSPORTER PROTEIN
|
A CARRIER PROTEIN IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
|
|
ISOTONIC (ISOMOTIC) SOLUTION
|
A SOLUTION IN WHICH, AFTER IMMERSION OF A CELL, OSMOTIC PRESSURE IS EQUAL ACROSS THE CELL'S MEMBRANE
|
|
PERITRICHOUS
|
HAVING FLAGELLA DISTRIBUTED OVER THE ENTIRE CELL
|
|
GROUP TRANSLOCATION
|
IN PROKARYOTES, ACTIVE TRANSPORT IN WHICH A SUBSTANCE IS CHEMICALLY ALTERED DURING TRANSPORT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
|
|
GERMINATION
|
THE PROCESS OF STARTING TO GROW FROM A SPORE OR ENDOSPORE
|
|
CYTOSKELETON
|
MICROFILAMENTS, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, AND MICROTUBULES THAT PROVIDE SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT FOR EUKARYOTIC CYTOPLASM
|
|
ORGANELLE
|
A MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED STRUCTURE WITHIN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
|
|
AXIAL FILAMENT
|
A STRUCTURE FOR MOTILITY FOUND IN SPIROCHETES; ALSO CALLED ENDOFLAGELLUM
|
|
SPIROCHETE
|
A CORKSCREW-SHAPED BACTRIUM WITH AXIAL FILAMENTS
|
|
MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA)
|
AN ORGANELLE CONTAINING KREBS CYCLE ENZYMES AND THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
|
|
COCCUS (pl. COCCI)
|
A SPHERICAL OR OVOID BACTERIUM
|
|
SARCINA (pl. SARCINAE)
|
(1)A GROUP OF EIGHT BACTERIA THAT REMAIN IN A PACKET AFTER DIVIDING (2)WHEN WRITTEN AS A GENUS, REFERS TO A GRAM-POSITIVE, ANAEROBIC COCCI
|
|
L FORM
|
PROKARYOTIC CELLS THAT LACK A CELL WALL; CAN RETURN TO WALLED STATE
|
|
PLASMA (CYTOPLASMIC) MEMBRANE
|
THE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE ENCLOSING THE CYTOPLASM OF A CELL; THE OUTER LAYER IN ANIMAL CELLS, INTERNAL TO THE CELL WALL IN OTHER ORGANISMS
|
|
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
|
A MEMBRANOUS NETWORK IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS CONNECTING THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WITH THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
|
|
TETRAD
|
A GROUP OF FOUR COCCI
|
|
CELL WALL
|
THE OUTER COVERING OF MOST BACTERIA, FUNGAL, ALGAL, AND PLANT CELLS; IN BACTERIA, IT CONSISTS OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN
|
|
NUCLEUS
|
(1) THE PART OF AN ATOM CONSISTING OF THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS (2) THE PART OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL THAT CONTAINS THE GENETIC MATERIAL
|
|
VIBRIO
|
(1) A CURVED OR COMMA SHAPED BACTERIUM (2) WHEN WRITTEN AS A GENUS, A GRAM-NEGATIVE, MOTILE, FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC CURVED ROD
|
|
PEROXISOME
|
ORGANELLE THAT OXIDIZES AMINO ACIDS, FATTY ACIDS AND ALCOHOL
|
|
AMPHITRICHOUS
|
HAVING TUFTS OF FLAGELLA AT BOTH ENDS OF A CELL
|
|
LYSOSOME
|
AN ORGANELLE CONTAINING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
|
|
TURNOVER NUMBER
|
A NUMBER OF SUBSTRATE MOLECULES ACTED ON PER ENZYME MOLECULE PER SECOND
|
|
CHROMATIN
|
X
|
|
CYTOPLASM
|
IN A PROKARYOTIC CELL, EVERYTHING INSIDE THE PLASMA MEMBRANE; IN A EUKARYOTIC CELL, EVERYTHING INSIDE THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND EXTERNAL TO THE NUCLEUS
|
|
CHEMOTAXIS
|
MOVEMENT IN RESPONSE TO THE PRESENCE OF A CHEMICAL
|
|
VOLUTIN
|
STORED INORGANIC PHOSPHATE IN A PROKARYOTIC CELL
|
|
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
|
A WAY OF DESCRIBING THE DYNAMIC ARRANGEMENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PROTEINS COMPRISING THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
|
|
PERIPLASM
|
THE REGION OF A GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALL BETWEEN THE OUTER MEMBRANE AND THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE
|
|
ENDOCYTOSIS
|
THE PROCESS BY WHICH MATERIAL IS MOVED INTO A EUKARYOTIC CELL
|
|
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
|
THE NET MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES OR IONS FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION
|
|
EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE (EPS)
|
A GLYCOCALYX, COMPOSED OF SUGARS, THAT PERMITS BACTERIA TO ATTACH TO VARIOUS SURFACES
|
|
PLEOMORPHIC
|
HAVING MANY SHAPED, CHARACTERISTIC OF CERTAIN BACTERIA
|
|
CILLIUM (pl. CILLIA)
|
A RELATIVELY SHORT CELLULAR PROJECTION FROM SOME EUKARYOTIC CELLS, COMPOSED OF NINE PAIRS AND TWO MICROTUBULES
|
|
SLIME LAYER
|
A GLYCOCALYX THAT IS UNORGANIZED AND LOOSELY ATTACHED TO A CELL WALL
|
|
INCLUSION BODY
|
A GRANULE OR VIRAL PARTICLE IN THE CYTOPLASM OR NUCLEUS OR SOME INFECTED CELLS; IMPORTANT IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF VIRUSES THAT CAUSE INFECTION
|