Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the name for chemicals made by microbes that kill or inhibit other microbes? |
antibiotics |
|
|
What blocks the peptide crosslink between NAMS which weakens and lyses the cell wall? |
Penicillin Vancomycin Cephalosporin Bacitracin |
|
|
What is normally resistant to penicillin? |
Gram Negative bacteria |
|
|
What do some bacteria make that destroys penicillin? |
penicillinase |
|
|
what is added so that the penicillinase is inhibited enabling the antibiotics to work better? |
clavulanate |
|
|
Penicillins are.... on young bacteria and ..... on old bacteria |
bactericidal bacteriostatic |
|
|
Antibiotics against fungi |
target the membrane Sterol: ergosterol |
|
|
why are there fewer drugs against fungi than bacteria? |
they are very similar to human cells |
|
|
What targets phospholipids? |
antibiotics against bacteria |
|
|
What are the antibiotics that interfere with protein production? |
aminogylcosides tetracylines erthromycin rifampin chloramphenicol synercid |
|
|
how do the antibiotics that interfere with protein production work? |
they all bind to bacterial ribosomes and prevent them from making proper proteins |
|
|
the Aminogylcosides are not absorbed by what? |
anaerobes |
|
|
what are some examples of aminoglycosides? |
streptomycin neomycin |
|
|
What is effective on many Gram positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics? |
synercid |
|
|
what type of cell is unaffected by antibiotics? |
viruses |
|
|
why are viruses unaffected by antibiotics? |
no cell wall no ribosomes ETC. |
|
|
What is the development of a tolerance by a microbe to a drug? |
resistance |
|
|
What are the microbes that are resistant to many antibiotics? |
superbugs |
|
|
what is an example of a superbug? |
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
what changes take place in the microbe to make them resistant? |
mutations in the bacterial chromosomes presence of plasmids that have genes for resistance to many drugs |
|
|
what is metabolism? |
chemical reactions within a cell |
|
|
what forms large molecules from smaller ones and makes bonds?` |
anabolism |
|
|
what is the breaking down of larger molecules to form smaller ones? |
catabolism |
|
|
what is metabolism made up of? |
anabolism and catabolism |
|
|
what is the part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate? |
active site |
|
|
most ..... are mad up of a protein part called the apoenzyme which is inactive by itself |
enzymes |
|
|
what is the protein part of the enzyme called? |
co-factor |
|
|
the co-factor activates the enzyme and forms the ...... |
holoenzyme (the whole active enzyme) |
|
|
what usually brings the enzyme and substrate closer together? |
metal ions |
|
|
what are the organic molecules that remove electrons, hydrogens, etc. from one substrate and add it to another substrate? |
cofactors |
|
|
what is an inhibitor that competes with the substrate and fills the active site of the enzyme preventing the binding of the enzyme and substrate so no product is made? |
competitive inhibitor |
|
|
what happens when an inhibitor binds to and enzyme at a site other than the active site changing the shape of the enzyme so that it can't bind to the S? |
non-competitive inhibition |
|
|
what is an inhibitor that can bind to cytochrome oxidase, causing cell death? |
cyanide |
