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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Yeast is (unicellular or multicellular)?
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unicellular
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Mold is (unicellular or multicellular)?
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multicellular
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What is dimorphism?
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fungi can exist as both unicellular yeast and multicellular mold
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Asexual fungal reproductive features are called...
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conidia (divide by budding where the bud=bastoconidia)
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What is the primary immune response to PREVENT fungal infection?
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neutrophils + nonspecific immunity/inflam rxn
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What is the primary immune response AFTER fungal infection?
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T cells
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Endemic mycoses
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true pathogens restricted geographically and have the ability to cause serious illness in otherwise healthy individuals
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Opportunistic mycoses
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not true pathogens because they only cause disease in immunosuppressed patients
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subcutaneous mycoses
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fungi that involve the skin, subcutaneous tissue and lymphatics
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superficial and cutaneous mycoses
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fungal infections limited to the skin and skin structures
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fungi are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
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eukaryotic
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multicellular fungi
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mold
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unicellular fungi
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yeast
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what kind of sterol makes up the cell membrane
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ergosterols
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what do fungi cells have that mamallian cells do not have
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cell walls of chitin, manna, glucan
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do fungi require oxygen?
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yes almost all= strict aerobes
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what are multicellular mold filaments called
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hyphae/ plural = mycelium
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fungi that can grow as either molds or yeasts
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dimorphism; frequently occurs when free-living organism infects a living host
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what is the most common form for pathogenic fungi
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yeast form, mold form is usually environment
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asexual reproductive structures
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conidia
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what can lead to dangerous fungal infections by otherwise benign fungi
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immunosupression
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what are the main barriers to fungal infection
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skin and mucosal barriers
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what properties of the skin destroy fungi
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low PH, fatty acids, cell turnover, and desiccation
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what drug can cause opportunistic fungi to proliferate
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antibiotics or change in nutrition: alter balance of normal flora
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what does tissue reactions to fungi depend on
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duration of infection, tissue infected and species of fungus
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what is important for eliminating fungal infections
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nonspecific inflammatory reactions
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what is the primary mechanism that is critically important in preventing establishment of fungal infections
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neutrophil phagocytosis and killing
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what disorders can increase fungal infections
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chronic granulomatous disease or myloperoxidase deficiency
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what happens to fungi that are to big to be digested
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they can be destroyed by phagocytes lining up and secreting lysosomal enzymes
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what is the most important immune function in eliminating fungi
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T cell-mediated immunity
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what determines the outcome of an infection
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virulence, size of the infection and adequacy of host defenses
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what is used for direct observation of fungi
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10% potassium hydroxide and/or calcofluor white (highlights chitin)
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what binds to chitin
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calcoflour white
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antibodies are useful for detecting what
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endemic mycoses, but not for opportunistic
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antigens in body fluid are useful for what
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sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of several fungal infections
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growth of fungus from normally sterile body site always implies what?
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infection
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