Ch 46 Pharm

Front 1

The __________ _________ a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract is the most common respiratory tract infection.

Back 1

Common Cold

Front 2

Colds can be caused by many types of viruses most often the _____________

Back 2

Rhinoviruses

Front 3

___________ is inflammation f the paranasal sinuses air cells that connect with the nasal cavity and are lined by similar mucosa.

Back 3

Sinusitis

Front 4

__________ (inflammation and congestion of nasal mucosa)and upper respiratory tract infections are the most common causes of sinusitis.

Back 4

Rhinitis

Front 5

_________ ___________ results from dilation of the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa and engorgement of the mucous membranes with blood

Back 5

Nasal congestion

Front 6

Agents given orally to liquefy respiratory secretions and allow for their easier removal

Back 6

Expectorants

Front 7

Used to reduce the incidence and severity of colds and influenza

Back 7

Vitamin C

Front 8

Administered by inhalation to liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract

Back 8

Mucolytics

Front 9

Suppress a cough by depressing the cough center in the medulla oblongata or the cough receptors in the throat trachea or lungs

Back 9

Antitussive agents

Front 10

Used to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge

Back 10

Nasal decongestants

Front 11

Mrs Elwood calls the pediatricians office for a suggestion regarding the best over the counter cough and cold medicine for her 6 month old child. The physician advises against the medication for which of the following reasons?

a. The medication is not effective for croup.

b. Misuse could result in overdose.

c. The medication is contraindicated for the childs symptoms.

d. The medication is contraindicated for viral infections

Back 11

b

Front 12

Mrs. Whitmore presents to the physicians office for his annual visit. When questioned about over the counter medication use he states that he uses echinacea to prevent colds. Which of the following states is true about echinacea?

a. He is healthier because he uses echinacea.

b. Echinacea is the OTC drug of choice for prevention of viral infections.

c. To be effective echinacea must be taken daily regardless of symptoms.

d. There is limited or no support for the use of echinacea to prevent or treat symptoms of the common cold.

Back 12

d

Front 13

First generation antihistamines may be effective against which of the following symptoms of the common cold. (Select all that apply)

a. Sneezing

b. Rhinorrhea

c. Cough

d. Congestion

Back 13

a,b,c

Front 14

Mr. Peat presents to the physicians office with complaints of inability to breathe freely. When you review his use of the OTC medication you discover that he routinely uses nasal spray three times a day and has for 1 year. The clients nasal swelling may be caused by which of the following?

a. Chronic nasal polyps

b. Burning of the nares secondary to chronic use of nasal sprays.

c. Rebound nasal swelling

d. Damage of the nasal concha

Back 14

c.

Front 15

Which of the following home remedies are effective for mouth dryness and cough? (select all that apply)

a. Administration of over the counter antihistamine

b. Adequate fluid intake

c. Humidification of the environment

d. Sucking on hard candy or throat lozenges.

Back 15

b,c,d

Front 16

Mr. Green presents to the physicians office with chronic cough. Which of the following conditions predisposes the client to secretion retention?

a. Chronic lozenge use

b. Chronic use of antihistamines

c. Intermittent use of exercise equipment.

d. Debilitation

Back 16

d

Front 17

Mr. Royce is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis. Which of the following would you expect to be one of his physical complaints?

a. Rhinitis

b. Rhinorrhea

c. Retention of secretions

d. Chronic nasal swelling

Back 17

c.

Front 18

Mr. Devons physician will not prescribe antibiotics for his upper respiratory tract infection for which of the following reasons?

a. Most upper respiratory tract infections are viral in origin.

b. The infection is resistant to antibiotics.

c. Culture of sputum is inconclusive.

d. The infection is multibacterial

Back 18

a

Front 19

Mr. Fergusson presents to the physicians office with symptoms of a common cold. He asks you t suggest OTC drugs to alleviate his symptoms. Before recommending an OTC medication which of the following actions should you take?

a. Obtain a prescription from the physician

b. Obtain a complete drug history

c. Consult your pharmacist

d. Research medication covered by the clients HMO

Back 19

b

Front 20

Mr. Gains age 75 is self administering an oral nasal decongestant. You are concerned that he is at risk for which of the following conditions? (select all that apply)

a. Somnolence

b. Hypertension

c. Nervousness

d. Impaired gastric motility

Back 20

b,c

Front 21

Mrs. Salter calls the pediatricians office because her child is experiencing cold symptoms and has an oral temperature of 99.9. Which of the following would you expect the physician to do?

a. Treat the fever only if it exceeds 100.3

b. Treat the fever only if it exceeds 101

c. Treat the fever only if the child is restless

d. Treat the fever only if the child develops nasal drainage.

Back 21

b

Front 22

Mrs Macdowell calls the pediatrician because her baby is experiencing nasal congestion and cannont nurse. You would expect the physician to order which of the following drugs to be given just before feeding time?

a. Saline nasal solution

b. Diphenhydramine nasal solution

c. Phenylephrine nasal solution

d. Chlorpheniramine nasal solution

Back 22

c

Front 23

Mr. Bells calls the physician because his baby cannot sleep. When asked what medications his baby takes he responds that the only drug is a topical agent to prevent nasal congestion just before breastfeeding. Which of the following conditions do you suspect?

a. Centeral nervous stimulation

b. Insufficient breat milk intake

c. Irritable baby syndrome

d. Child abuse or neglect

Back 23

a

Front 24

Mrs. Collins calls the pediatricians office because her child is complaining of a sore throat. Which of the following actions would you expect the physician to take?

a. Order an antibiotic

b. Oder an antitussive

c. Request a list of drug allergies

d. Request a throat culture.

Back 24

d

Front 25

Mrs. silvers four children ages 12 - 18 have symptoms of the common cold. She called the physicians office regarding advice for the most economical OTC cold remedy. You respond that it is less expensive to purchase which of the following?

a. Combination products

b. Single drug formulations

c. Nasal formulas

d. Cough and cold formulas

Back 25

b

Front 26

Why are nasal decongestants effective?

a. They are absorbed systemically.

b. They treat multiple symptoms in a cost effective manner.

c. They come into direct contact with nasal mucosa.

d. Their effects last for 48 to 72hrs

Back 26

c

Front 27

Which of the following medications relieves cold symptoms and aids sleep?

a. Diphenhydramine

b. Phenergan

c. Epinephrine

d. Anti histamine

Back 27

a

Front 28

Cough associated with the common cold usually stems from ______________ ____________ and throat irritation.

Back 28

Postnasal Drainage

Front 29

Cough syrups serve as vhicles for anti tussive drugs and also may exert antitussive effects of their own by doing which of the following?

a. Precipitating an anticholinergic reaction

b. Reducing the bacterial load in the respiratory tract

c. Soothing irritated pharyngeal mucosa

d. Thinning pharyngeal mucus

Back 29

c

Front 30

___________ a mast cell stabilizer given orally or by intranasal inhalation seems effective in reducing the systems and duration of the common cold but it is not FDA approved for this purpose.

Back 30

Cromdyn

Front 31

How is the common cold transmitted from one individual to another?

Back 31

Colds can be caused by many types of virus most often the rhinoviruses. Shedding of these viruses by infected people mainly from nasal nucosa can result in rapid spread to other people. The viruses can enter the body through mucous membranes. Cold viruses can survive for several hrs on the skin and on hard surfaces such as wood or plastic. There many also be airborne spread from sneezing and coughing but this source is considered secondary. After the viruses gain entry the incubation period is usually 5 days the most contagious period is about 3 days after symptoms begin, and the cold usually lasts about 7 days.

Front 32

What is the primary cause of sinusitis?

Back 32

Sinusititis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses air cells that connect with the nasal cavity and are lined by similar mucosa. As in other parts of the respiratory tract, ciliated mucous membranes help move fluid and microorganisms out of the sinuses and into the nasal cavity. This movement becomes impaired when sinus openings are blocked by nasal swelling, and the impairment is considered a major cause of sinus infections. Another contributing factor is a lower oxygen content in the sinuses which aids the growth of microorganisms and impairs local defense mechanisms.

Front 33

Define Rhinitis

Back 33

It is inflammation of nasal nucosa and is usually accompanied by nasal congestion rhinorrhea and sneezing

Front 34

Define Rhinorrhea

Back 34

Defined as the secretions discharged form the nose.

Front 35

What effect does a cough have on the respiratory tract?

Back 35

Cough is a forceful expulsion of air from the lungs it is normally a protective reflex for removing foreign bodies, environmental irritants, or accumulated secretions from the respiratory tract.