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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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opportunistic fungal pathogen of upper respiratory tract
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Pneumocystis carinii
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histoplasmosis
dimorphic/monomorphic |
dimorphic
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causes blindness
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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3 kinds of contact
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direct,indirect, droplet
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pasteurization
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mild heating to kill most pathogens without affecting taste
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yeast normal flora, opportunistic pathogen
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Candida albicans
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world wide epidemic
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pandemic
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disease spread by louse
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typhus
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fungal causes desert fever
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Coccidioides
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sterilize heat sensitive items
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ethylene oxide
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spread by airborne particles
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histoplasmosis
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antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
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streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol
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penicillin is not selectively toxic against
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mycoplasma
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epidemic typhus is spread by
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lice
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rickettsia rickettsii causes
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rocky mtn spotted fever
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prokaryotes found in soil and produce antibiotics
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streptomyces
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disease caused by chlamydia
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pneumonia, parrot fever/psittacocis, trachoma
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disease caused by mycoplasma
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pleuropneumonia, PAP, walking pneumonia
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disease caused by histoplasma
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histoplasmosis
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diease caused by coccidioides
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desert fever, histoplasmosis
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3 kinds of contact
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direct/person to person, indirect/fomite, droplet/sneezing or coughing
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3 characteristics that distinguish fungi from bacteria
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eukaryotes, chitin in cell wall, endospores
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blindness caused by
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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bacteria which produce exotoxins
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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fungal causes desert fever
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Coccidioides
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opportunistic pathogen
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Candida albicans, Pneumocystis carinii
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sterilizes heat sensitive items
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ethylene oxide
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disease spread by airborne particles
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coccidioidomycoses (all fungal), viruses, TB
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gene for diptheria toxin encoded by a
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prophage
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Rickettsia are
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bacteria
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world wide epidemics
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pandemics
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prokaryote in soil produces antibiotics
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Streptomyces
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bacteriostatic
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prevents or inhibits bacterial growth
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bacteriocidal
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kills bacteria
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resistance is spread by
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antibiotic use, mutations, plasmids
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pathogen that produces hemolysin
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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exotoxin
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gm+ bacteria, gene carried on plasmid or phage, secreted by bacterium or released following lysis
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endotoxin
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gm- bacteria, part of outer membrane, lipopolysaccharides, released when cell dies or undergoes lysis
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complications with antibiotic use
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toxicity, allergy, normal flora destruction
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endemic
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disease that is always present in population
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epidemic
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large # of people affected in a short time
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chemotherapy
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Use of chemical substances to treat disease
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mycoplasma shape
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pleomorphic (b/c no cell wall)
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mycoplasma grow
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in serum media
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Mycoplasma hominis causes
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NGU, PID
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Ureaplasma urealyticum causes
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NGU, infertility
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Rickettsia size
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pleomorphic rods
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rickettsia grows
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obligate intracellular parasites, no ATP gen system, enter via endocytosis
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rickettsia treated with
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chloramphenicol, tetracycline
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Rickettisa rickettsii causes
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rocky mtn spotted fever
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Rickettsia rickettsii transmitted by
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ticks
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Rickettsia prowazekii causes
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epidemic typhus
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Rickettsia prowazekii spread by
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lice
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Rickettsia typhi causes
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endemic typhus
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Rickettsia typhi spread by
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rats, fleas
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Rochalimea henseleae, Bartonella henselae causes
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cat scratch fever
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Chlamydia shape
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cocci
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Chlamydia lives
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obligate intracellular parasites, grown in vertebrate hosts
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Chlamydia transmitted
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host to host, no vector
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Chlamydia treated with
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tetracyclines
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Chlamydia psittaci causes
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psittacosis/parrot fever, resp infections
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Chlamydia psittaci spread
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air, dust, fecal
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Chlamydia trachomatis causes
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chlamydia/STD, trachoma, NGU, lymphogranuloma venereum
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Chlamydia pneumoniae causes
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mild pneumonia, bronchitis
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mold-Rhizopus nigricans dispersal
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sporangiophores, sporangium, sporangiospores
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mold-Rhizopus nigricans hyphae
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coenocytic, no walls
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mold-Aspergillus niger dispersal
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condidiospores, condidiophore
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mold-Aspergillus niger hyphae
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septate
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mold-Penicillin notatum dispersal
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condidiospores, condidiophores
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mold-Penicillin notatum hyphae
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septate
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mold-penicillin roqueforti
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blue cheese mold
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mold-Aspergillus flavis produces
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aflatoxin/carcinogenic
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yeasts-cells
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single
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yeasts reproduce
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budding
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example of yeast
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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mushrooms genus
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Basidiomyces
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filamentous bacteria from soil
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Actinomycetes
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filamentous bacteria genus
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Streptomyces
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systemic mycoses
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Histoplasma, Coccidiodes, Cryptococcus
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fungus-Histoplasma capsulatum shape
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dimorphic, hyphae outside, yeast inside
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fungus-Coccidioides immitis shape
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dimorphic
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fungal-Cryptococcus neoformans shape
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monomorphic, yeast
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fungal-Cryptococcus neoformans causes
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cryptococcus, lung infection
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fungal-Pneumocystis carinii grows
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as yeast
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opportunistic fungal-Pneumocystis carinii causes
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PCP, pneumocystis pneumonia, HIV pts
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opportunistic fungal-Candida albicans grows
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dimorphic
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opportunistic fungal-Candida albicans causes
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thrush, yeast infections/vaginitis, intestinal infections, eye infections
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Sterilization
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complete killing
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HTST destroys
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yeasts, molds, bacteria
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dessication kills/doesnt kill
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HIV, N gonorrhea/endospores, mycobacterium, mold spores
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disinfectants
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kill most pathogens on inanimate objects/bacteriocidal, lysol, bleach, alcohol, phenol
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antiseptics
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disinfectants that can be applied to skin, bacteriocidal, phenol, alcohol, H2O2, iodine
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phenolics are
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antiseptics, stronger are disinfectants
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heavy metals
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denature proteins, inactivate enzymes, AgNO3, Hg
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Ethylene oxide kills
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bacteria and fungi
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formaldehyde kills
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most bacteria, used as disinfectant, possible carcinogen
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salvarsan
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selective toxicity, cured syphillis (Treponema pallidum), magic bullet
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antibiotics produced by
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bacteria and fungus
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antibiotics target cell wall
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bacitracin, vancomycin, cephalosporins
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antibiotics target protein synthesis
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chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline
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antibiotics target cytoplasmic membrane
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polymixin B
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antibiotics target DNA replication
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quinolones
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antibiotic Streptomycin inhibits
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protein synthesis
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Streptomycin binds to
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prokaryotic ribosomes
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vancomycin active against
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gm+ bacteria, S. aureus, inhibits cell wall synthesis
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polymixin B looks like
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soap, integrates into cell wall and disrupts it, can be used against fungi/no peptidoglycan
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quinolones inhibit
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bacterial DNA gyrase, used against nosocomial infections
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fluconazole inhibits
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p450 enzyme, alters membrane, growth disrupted
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fluconazole effective against
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Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, broad spectrum
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antiviral drugs inhibit
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viral replication
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antiviral drug example
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AZT-analog of thymidine, inhibits reverse transcriptase
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AZT is
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antimetabolite, selectively toxic for virus only
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Acyclovir inhibits
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viral replication, incorporates into viral DNA, binds to and inhibits DNA polymerase, treats herpes 1 2
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Rifampicin inactivates
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bacterial RNA polymerase, Streptomyces, TB and leprosy
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Novobiocin inhibits
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DNA gyrase, treats Staphylococcus
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Antimetabolites functions
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competitive inhibition of enzymes, incorporate into molecules
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mutualism
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both benefit
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commensalism
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1 benefits, other neither harmed or benefits
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parasitism
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1 benefits, other harmed
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contamination
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microorgs present
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infection
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colonization of host organism by foreign species (bacteria, fungi, virus)
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disease
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condition where normal function cant be performed, discomfort and distress
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reservoir
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source for microorgs, food, body, soil, water
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pathogen
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organism capable of causing disease
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pathogenicity
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capacity to cause disease
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virulence
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degree of pathogenicity
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nosocomial infections causes
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compromised hosts, microorgs in hospital, chain of transmission
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skin bacteria
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Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Candida albicans
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upper resp tract bacteria
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Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria meningitidis
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opportunistic pathogens
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Candida albicans, Pneumocystis carinii
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bacteria in mouth
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pathogenic-Streptococcus mutans/tooth decay
opportunistic-Candida albicans/thrush |
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bacteria in intestine
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E. coli/nonpathogenic, Shigella, Salmonella, Camphylobacter, Colioforms/pathogenic, Hep A, Rotaviruses/viruses
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bacteria in urogenital tract
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opportunistic-Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis
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infectious disease
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communicable
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degenerative disease
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condition gets progressively worse
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neoplastic disease
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tumors, benign or malignant
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nurtitional deficiency
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scurvy, beriberi
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idiopathic disease
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cause unknown/scoliosis
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pathology
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study of disease
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vehicles for disease transmission
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food, water, blood soil
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foodborne diease
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Shigellosis, Salmonellosis
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waterborne disease
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cholera
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blood or food disease
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hepatitis
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Airborn transmission
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dust, droplet nuclei, > 1 meter
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airborn diseases
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M TB, all fungi/spores, viruses
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mechanical vectors
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flies
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biological vectors
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ticks, lice
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sporadic
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small # of isolated cases
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secrete exotoxins
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Corynebacterium diptheriae, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium tetani
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hemolysin
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lysese rbc's, Streptococcus pyogenes
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leukocidins
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kills wbc's, Staphylococcus, M TB
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Hyaluronidase
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increase tissue perm. Clostridium, Streptococcus
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coagulase
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produced by S. aureus, on surface of bacteria, forms fibrin, resists phagocytosis
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