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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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s.aureus
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gp cocci grape like clusters
catalase and coagulase positive ferment mannitol hemolyses blood bap found in nose and skin |
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folliculitis
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s. aureus
small red bump or pimple developes at the site if a hair follicle |
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furuncle
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s aureus
abscess in the skin often times containing pus |
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carbuncle
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s. aureus painful localized infection of the skin and subq tissues that usually has several openings pus is discharged
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scalded skin syndrome
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superficial layers of epidermis slough off due to exfoliatin toxin
newborns infants elderly immuno comp individs 2nd infection pseudomonas spp C albicans isolation of pt to preent spread removal of dead skin |
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s.pyogenes
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blisters that break and weep plasme and pus golden colored crusts lymph node enlargement
spread by direct contact or insects |
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rickettsia rickettsii
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rocky mountain spotted fever
obligate intracellular org transmitted by bite of infected tick, wild rodents dogs reservoir for bacteria, humans ACCIDENTAL hosts septic shock endotoxin in bloodstream fever chills headache and myalgia rash hands to feet then spreads to trunk tetracyclines repellants removal of ticks |
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lyme disease
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borrelia burgdorferi
tick bite leads to transmission causing skin rash no person to person contact paralysis severe neurologic sympt cardiac problems antibiotic therapy early only effective |
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chicken pox
varicella zoster virus |
sequella of virus inclue herpes or shingles zoster reactivation of dormant virus
reye's syndrome |
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reye's syndrome
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nausea and vomiting lethargy and indifferencechildren 5 to 15 liver and brain damage
mortality 30% aspirin therapy |
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chicken pox herpes family
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skin rash on back of head face and mouth
rash is diagnostic progresses from red dots macules to small bumps papules to small blisters pustules lesions itch and appear at diffent times healing after pustules break &crust over infection of mother early in preg bad for newborn birth defects immuno at higher risk |
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chicken pox pathogenesis
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respiratory route % replicates while moving through blood stream skin lesions appear infected cells swel and lyse virus sto sensory nerves
occurence of shingles with decline in cell mediated immunity |
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chicken pox treatment
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tran from person to person can cause herpes zoster
attenuated vaccine 1995 immuno avoid vaccine they need zig |
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measles rubeola
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rubeola virus
paramyxovirus family |
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measles symptoms
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fever runny nose cough red weepy eyes fine rash appears win a few days forehead then to rest of body
many cases complicated by 2nd infections pneumonia nd earaches most commin or sspe subacute sclerosing panencehalitis death wn 2 years degeneration of brain slow virus disease |
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measles patho
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respiratory route, replicates in epilthelium tract spreading to lymph nodesthen spreads to all parts of body infected mucous membrane imp diagnostic sign koplike spts white spots in back of throat opposite molars which can lead to 2nd infections sice host immunity damaged
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measles skin rash
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trans respiratory secretions
due to affects of virus replication w.n skin cells and cellular immune response to viral antigens in the skin |
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measles treatment
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vaccine given in conjunction w mumos and rubella vaccine MMR
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german measles rubella
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rubella virus togavirus family
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german measles symptoms
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typically mild
slight fever with mild cold infections enlarged lymph nodes behind ears and back of neck faint rash on face -light pink spots adults have joint pain |
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german measles pathog
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respiratory route them multiples in nasopharynx entering bloodstream transporting virus to body tissues and skin immunity developes against viral antigens antigen antibody complex result of rash and joint pain
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congenital rubella syndrome
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virus readily crosses placenta infecting fetus higher in early pregnancy causing abnormalities- cataracts eye abnor, brain damage deafness heart defects low birth weights stillborns infection of 1 6 weeks of preg = 100% of fetuses having injury
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german measles treatment
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vaccination of attenuated rubella virus
long lasting immunity vaccination not given to pregnant women potential complications vaccine reduced incidence significantly |
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superficial cutaneous mycoses
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dermatophytosis
normal skin generally resistant to dermatophytes excessive moisture allows invasion keratinase destruction of keratin 3 types epidermophyton microsporum trichophyton |
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tinea corporis
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superficial cutaneous mycoses
mycosis of body ringworm |
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tinea capitis
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superficial cutaneous mycoses
mycosis of scalp |
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tinea axillaris
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superfical cutaneous mycoses
mycosis of underarm |
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tinea cruris
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superficial cutaneous mycosis
mycosis of the groin jock itch |
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tinea pedis
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superficial cutaneous mycoses
mycosis of the foot athletes foot |
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tinea unguium
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superficial cutaneous mycoses
onychomycosis mycosis of nails |
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candida albicans
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superficial cutaneous mycoses
oral thrush mouth diaper rash groin candida vaginitis vagina |
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wound infections dependence
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how virulent of organims
how many org affecting the wound is host immuno naute of wound crushed material or foreign material |
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incised incision
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produced by a knife or other sharp object
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puncture
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penetration from a small object
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lacerated laceration
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tissue torn
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contused contusion
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injury caused by a blow crushed tissue
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burn wound
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thermal burn
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bacterial wound infection
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staphylococcal infection
group a steptococcal pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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consequences of wound infections
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delay in healing
formation of abscess extension of bacteria or their products to adjacent tissues or bloodstream |
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staphylococcal wound infections
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s. aureus virulence due to production of extracellular products
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staph wound infections path s.aureus
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clumping factors coagulase and protein a coat organism with host protein hiding from phagocytosis
systematic spread leading to abcesses in other tissue commonly heart and joints alsp toxic shock syndrome |
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s.epidermis staph wound infection
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little or no invasive ability
maintained on skin surface introduced to bodyfrom wound ie surgical incision indwelling devices colonization produces biofilm which protects from phago |
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s.epidermis wound infection patho
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cleared by healthy immune system, org migrate to heart and other tissues
org form biofilms carried in bloodstream subacute bacterial endocarditis or multiple tissue abscesses gener. immuno |
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staph wound infection treatment
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cleansing wound and removing dirt and crushed tissue prompt closure pre surgical antistaph. medication
many strains resistant to antibiotics but most treatedw b lactamase pcn and vancomycin vanco resitant strain 1997 |
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group a streptococcal infections
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flesh eating necrotizing disease
s. pyogenes primary pathogens rapid deterioration disease and death easily treated little resistance |
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group a strepto infection
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s pyogenes
gp cocci in chains group a lancefield cell wall polysaccharide some strains cause invasive infection-more virulent |
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pyrogenic exotoxin a
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acts as a superantigen and causes strept toxic shock
s. pyogenes group a strepto |
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exotoxin b
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destroys tissue through protein breakdown
s. pyogenes group a |
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group a strepto pathogen
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wound colonization enhanced through tissue binding proteins
muscle tissue destroyed along w subq fascia org multiply and produce toxic products that enter bloodstream causing shock streptolysin O |
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group a strepto treatment
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urgent surgery required due to rapidity of toxin spread sometimes amputation
pcn effective must be given early no effect on toxin little or no effect on bacteria in necrotic tissues surgery may still be necessary |
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pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
gn rod motile single polar flagellum generally aerobic found in soil water and on plants grows in water w little nutrients, antispetics and soaps produce numerous water soluble pigments color change in tissue |
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pseudomans aeruginos infection facts
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oppurtunistic pathogen
rash and external ear contam hot tubs and swimming pools infection of foot bones eye infections heart valve infections lung biofilms-cystic fibrosis nosocomial including lung and burn infec |
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pseudomonas aeruginosa symptoms
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change is tissue color mostly green
pyocyanin blue/green pyoverdin yellow green chills fever skin lesions and shock due to it in bloodstream |
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pseudomonas aeruginosa patho
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tissue damage prevention of healing and inc septic shock some strains produce enzmes and toxins to enhance virulence
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exoenzyme 5
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catalyzes the transfer of adp ribose fragment of nad to g proteins thereby imparing host cells signaling
may act to impair the funct of phago to prepare for invasion |
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toxin a
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causes adp ribosylation of eukary elongation factor 2 inhibiting protein synthesis
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phosphilipase c
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hydrolyzes lecithin lipid component of cell membranes forming hole sin membranes of host cells
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p. aeruginosa treatment
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elimination of sources of bacteria
prompt wound care removal of dead tissue from burns application of antibac cream-silver sulfadiazine est infections extremly difficult to treat multi drug resistant med admin via iv at high doses |
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tetanus
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clostridium tetini
anaerobic gn bacillus spore former |
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tetanus epid
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dirt and dust and gi tract of humans and other animals
1/2 of infections result from puncture wounds body piercing tattooing animal bites injected drug abuse 25% mortality infection more common in developing countries |
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tetanus early symptoms
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restlessness irritability difficulty swallowing
contraction of jaw muscles convulsions mostly in children neonatal which kills most of babies who get it newly cut umbilical cord exposed to dirt |
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tetanus late symptoms
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inc muscle involvement
pain severe difficulty breathing leading to pneumonia death due to pneumonia regurgitaiton of stomach contents into lungs |
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tetanus patho
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coloniztion generally cont in wound germination of spores
bacteria produce toxin=tetanospasmin responsible for pathological effects two chains heavy binds light endocytosis |
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tetanospasmin
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blocks inhibition of motor neurons causing paralysis
muscle contract uncontrolled muscles do not relax paralysis begins in jaw |
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tetanus treatment
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vaccine
throughly clean wound antimicrobial treatment to kill multiplying bacteria metronidazole antitixin antibody against tetanospasmin tetanus immune globulin TIG |
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gas gangrene
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clostridium perfrigens
gp anaerobic spore forming bacillus requires trauma war time wounds present in vaginal tract 1-9% of healthy women and found in feces self induced abortion causes it in uterus |
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gas gangrene clostidial myonecrosis
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endospores all soil and dusty surface war time
rapidly inc localized pain and swelling thin bloody frothy fluids (gas) skin becomes stretched and mottled with black spots selirium and coma occur late in illness followed by death |
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gas gangrene
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expresses a-toxin
phospholipase attacks host cell membrane diffuses and kills tissue cells produces gas through fermentation of aa and muscle glycogen in dead tissue other enzymes breakdown macromolecules |
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gas gangrene treatment
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prompt cleaning and debridement of wound surgical removal of dead and damaged tissue
hyperbanic oxygen treatment inhibits anaerobes |
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actinomyces
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actinomyces israelii
gp filamentous anaerobic slow growing found in mouth mucosa upper resp tract intestine and vagina |
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actinomycosis
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lumpy jaw
progresses slowly painful swelling under skin awollen regions open and drain pus wit reapperaing lesions w/n days or weeks jaw or neck |
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a. israelii epid
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cant penetrate healthy mucosa only invades after tissue local trauma dental procedures
can penetrate bone or cns dense yellow colonies pcn and tetra mostly originate in mouth |
