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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sterilization
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Killing of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores
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Disinfection
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Reducing the number of pathogenic organisms on objects or in materials so that they pose no threat of disease
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Antiseptic
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Chemical agents that can be used safely on skin and tissues to destroy microbes or inhibit their growths
All antiseptics could be used as disinfectants but not all disinfectants could be used as antiseptics |
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What is the most common physical control methods
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Heat
At temperatures above the growth range proteins and nucleic acids are destroyed and water is removed |
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What are autoclave conditions under standard cycle?
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121*C
15lbs/in2 pressure 15min minimum |
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What are autoclave conditions under flash cycle?
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134*C temp
30lbs/in2 pressure 3min |
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What actually kills cells in autoclaving, heat or pressure
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Heat
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What are the disadvantages of autoclave
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Damage to plastic/rubber items
Non-stainless tell metal items corrode Use of hard water to generate steam may leave deposits Items may be wet after cycle |
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What are the standard dry heat conditions?
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160+*C
2hrs |
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What are the advantages of using dry heat
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No corrosion
Low cost Items are dry after cycle |
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What are the disadvantages to dry heat sterilization
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Long sterilization time
Damage to plastic and rubber Can't sterilize liquids Don't open door during sterilization cycle |
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UV light
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Used for disinfection only because cannot penetrate well
Causes thymine dimers in DNA causes errors in protein synthesis and chromosome replication |
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Ionizing Radiation
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X-ray and gamma rays can be used to sterilize materials because it can penetrate
Forces electrons out of microbes creating free radicals that destroy DNA |
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Pasteurization
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Used for disinfection, reducing the number of bacteria
Milk is heated to 62*C for 30min |
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Flash Paseurization
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72*C for 15sex
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Filtration
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Used to sterilize liquids
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Is it better to autoclave solution or filter it?
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You want to filter it because if you just autoclave the solution, the endotoxin is still present
Filtration keeps the bacteria and the pyrogen out |
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Chemical control
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Chemical agents rarely achieve sterilization
They do disinfect |
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Phenol coefficient
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To determine effectiveness of a chemical agent as a disinfectant compared to that of phenol
Used as a gold standard |
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Crystal violet
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Used as skin antiseptic
Modification of nucleic acids |
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Categories of disinfectants
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High level
Intermediate level Low level |
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High level disinfectant
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Destroys all microbes, but not necessarily high number of spores
Ex: Gluteraldehyde Hydrogen Peroxide Peracetic acid |
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Intermediate level disinfectant
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Destroys all vegetative bacteria including mycobacteria (TB bacillus), fungi and most viruses
Should say Tuberculocidal |
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Low Level disinfectant
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Destroys fungi, vegetative bacteria except mycobacteria and some viruses with an envelope
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Surfactant
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Agents like soap and detergents that emulsify and solubilize particles on the skin to disinfect
Causes cytoplasm leakage from microbial membranes |
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Quaternary ammonium compounds
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Detergent that reacts with cell membranes and destroy some bacteria and viruses
Could contain alcohol or be alcohol-free |
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Alcohol-free Quat
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Low level disinfectant
non tuberculocidal Cationic detergents Used for floors and walls Not for items used in patient treatment |
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Alcohol Quats
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Intermediate level disinfectant
Tuberculocidal Of for use in dentistry Ex: CaviCide |
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Sepsis
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Contamination by microorganisms
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Sanitizing
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Reducing microbial population to a safe level
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Hydrogen Peroxide
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Damages cellular components
Catalse transforms this to oxygen and water Oxygen kills the anaerobic bacteria |
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Halogens
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Oxidize proteins
Ex: Chlorine and Iodine |
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Alcohols
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Denature proteins and disrupt membranes due to lipid dissolution
Effective against vegetative cells but not spores |
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What is the best concentration for alcohol when used as a sanitizer
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70%
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Heavy Metals
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Interfere with microbial metabolism
Mercury, copper and silver are reactive with proteins |
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Chemiclave
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AKA Harvey Sterilizer
Uses chemical vapors to sterilize by means of hot formaldehyde |
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What are some chemical agents that can be used for sterilization
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Aldehydes - causes cross-linking that inactivates proteins and nucleic acids
Ethylene oxide Chlorine dioxide |
