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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Global Outsourcing |
The purchase or production of inputs or final products from overseas suppliers to lower costs and improve product quality or design |
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Distributors |
Organizations that help other organizations sell their goods or services to customers |
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Customers |
individuals and groups that buy the goods and services an organization produces |
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Competitors |
Organizations that produce goods and services that are similar to particular organization's goods and services |
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Potential Competitiors |
Organizations that presently are not in a task environment but could enter if they so choose |
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Barriers to Entry |
Factors that make it difficult and costly for an organization to enter a particular task environment or industry |
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Economies of Scale |
Cost advantages associated with large operations |
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Brand Loyalty |
Customers' preference for the products of organizations currently existing in the task environment |
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Economic Forces |
Interest rates, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and other factors that affect the general health and well-being of a nation or the regional economy of an organization |
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Technology |
The combination of skills and equipment that managers use in designing, producing, and distributing goods and services |
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Technological Forces |
Outcomes of changes in the technology managers use to design, produce, or distribute goods and services |
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Sociocultural Forces |
Pressures emanating from the social structure of a country or society or from the national culture |
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Social Structure |
The traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society |
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National Culture |
The set of values that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society |
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Demographic Forces |
Outcomes of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic origin, race, sexual orientation, and social class |
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Political and Legal Forces |
Outcomes of changes in laws and regulations, such as deregulation of industries, privatization of organizations, and increased emphasis on environmental protection |
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Globalization |
The set of specific and general forces that work together to integrate and connect economic, political, and social systems across countries, cultures, or geographical regions so that nations become increasingly interdependent and similar |
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Tariff |
A tax that government imposes on imported or, occasionally, exported goods |
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Free-Trade Doctrine |
The idea that if each country specializes in the production of the goods and services that it can produce most efficiently, this will make the best use of global resources |
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Values |
Ideas about what a society believes to be good, right, desirable, or beautiful |
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Norms |
Unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization |
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Mores |
Norms that are considered to be central to the functioning of society and to social life |
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Folkways |
The routine social conventions of everyday life |
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Individualism |
A worldview that values individual freedom and self-expression and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their individual achievements rather than by their social background |
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Collectivism |
A worldview that values subordination of the individual to the goals of the group and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to the group |
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Power Distance |
The degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in the power and well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals' physical and intellectual capabilities and heritage |
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Achievement Orientation |
A worldview that values assertiveness, performance, success, and competition |
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Nurturing Orientation |
A worldview that values the quality of life, warm personal friendships, and services and care for the weak |
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Uncertainty Avoidance |
The degree to which societies are willing to tolerate uncertainty and risk |
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Long-Term Orientation |
A worldview that values thrift and persistence in achieving goals |
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Short-Term Orientation |
A worldview that values personal stability or happiness and living for the present |