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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What major challenges do most US managers face to remain competitive? |
Globalizing the firm's operations; leading a diverse workforce; and encouraging positive ethics, characters and personal integrity |
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Changing business perspective internationally |
implies an individual's or organization's nationality is held strongly in consciousness to globalization which implies the world is free from national boundaries and that it's really a boarderless world |
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Changing business perspective from multinational organizations |
the organization was recognized as doing business in several countries |
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Changing business perspective to transnational organizations |
the global viewpoint supersedes national issues |
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Global organization |
An organization that operates and competes in more than one country, uncertain and unpredictable |
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Global Environment |
The set of global forces and conditions that operates beyond an organization's boundaries but affects a manager's ability to acquire and utilize resources |
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What benefits does the global environment offer organizations? |
Provides organizations with several opportunities to increase efficacy and efficiency |
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Forces in the task environment are? |
competitors, distributors, customers, and suppliers |
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Forces in the general environment are? |
technological forces, sociocultural forces, demographic forces, political and legal forces, and economic forces |
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Task environment |
the set of forces and conditions that originates with suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors and affects an organization's ability to obtain inputs and dispose of its outputs. It influences managers daily |
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Which of the following is true of the task environment? |
it is the set of forces that originate with global suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors; the more difficult it is to enter the task environment the easier it is to keep prices high |
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Which of the following statements supports the fact that Toy Track operates in a task environment with a low barrier to entry? |
The task environment within which Toy Truck operates is easy to enter |
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Which of the following statements supports the fact that Candlewick Inc. operates in a task environment with a high barrier to entry? |
Candlewick Inc. is able to sell its products easily, even though they are overpriced |
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General environment |
The wide-ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political, and legal forces that affect an organization and its task environment |
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Which of the following is true of the general environment? |
it includes the wide-ranging global, technological, sociocultural, and political forces that affect organizations |
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In what way is the task environment similar to the general environment? |
They are both a set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization's boundaries |
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In what way does the task environment differ from the general environment? |
Forces in the task environment have a more immediate and direct effect on managers than forces in the general environment |
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Suppliers |
individuals and organizations that provide an organization with the input resources that it needs to produce goods and services; raw materials, component parts, employees |
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Companies that provide other organizations with input resources are known as what? |
suppliers |
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Jay's Furniture Factory gets its raw material from the local timber yard. What is Jay's supplier? |
the timber yard |
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When is the supplier's bargaining position especially strong? |
when the input supplied is a fundamental component of the organization's product |
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Global outsourcing |
The purchase or production of inputs or final products from overseas suppliers to lower costs and improve product quality or design |
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Apple Inc. contracts with companies in Taiwan to make inputs such as the chips, batteries, and LCD displays that power its digital devices at lower costs. What is this strategy an example of? |
Global Outsourcing |
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The task environment distributors |
organizations that help other organizations sell their goods or services to customers; powerful distributors can limit access to markets through its control of customers in those markets |
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organizations that help other organizations sell their goods or services directly to customers are known as what? |
Task environment distributors |
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Amethyst, and Italian house of high fashion, designs and creates luxury items like jewelry and hair accessories. It sells its merchandise only through Fiesta, a multinational retail store. What is Fiesta? |
Amethyst's distributor |
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Task environment customers |
individuals and groups that buy goods and services that an organization produces |
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What is a crucial factor affecting organizational and managerial success? |
a manager's ability to identify and organization's main customer groups, and make the products that best satisfy their particular needs |
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Individuals and groups that buy the goods and services an organization produces are called what? |
Customers |
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Jeremy has a personal library with over 5,000 novels of various genres, most of them bought from Benison's Bookhouse. He is an example of what? |
A Benison Bookhouse's Customer |
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task environment competitors |
organizations that produce goods and services that are similar to a particular organization's goods and services |
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What is the most threatening force that managers deal with? |
rivalry between competitors |
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As the only store to design and sell curtains in the suburb of Oakland, the merchandise sold by Plush Parade is overpriced. Noticing this, Diana's Draperies sets up a showroom in the same suburb, reasoning that with lower prices, they would be able to attract more customers. Diana's Draperies is Plush Parade's what? |
Competitor |
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An organization that is not presently in a task environment but has the resources to enter if it so chooses is called what? |
a potential competitor |
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Barriers to entry |
factors that make it difficult and costly for the organization to enter a particular task environment or industry |
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economies of scale |
cost advantages associated with large operations |
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Economies of scale results from what? |
factors such as manufacturing products in very large quantities, buying inputs in bulk, or making more effective use of organizational resources than do competitors by fully utilizing employees' skills and knowledge |
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brand loyalty |
customers' preference for the products of organizations currently existing in the task environment |
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Dolphin's Diner, a famous seafood chain, has opened its newest restaurant in a small town. It soon finds that the only customers it attracts are tourists, because the locals prefer to go to The Clam Cafe- an older but more expensive restaurant. The Clam Cafe enjoys significant what? |
Brand Loyalty |
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What goes into creating barriers to entry that defer potential competitors? |
economies of scale and brand loyalty |
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economic forces |
interest rates, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and other factors that affect the general health and well-being of a nation or the regional economy of an organization |
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inflation is an example of what? |
an economic force in an organization's environment |
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technology |
the combination of skills and equipment that managers use in designing, producing, and distributing goods and services |
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technological forces |
outcomes of changes in the technology that managers use to design, produce, or distribute goods and services |
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Unlike previous generations, salespeople today can work from home offices, communicate with colleagues in different parts of the world almost instantly, and commute electronically to work. This flexibility is due to what? |
changes in technological forces |
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sociocultural forces |
pressures emanating from the social structure of a country or society or from the national culture |
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sociocultural forces social structure |
the traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society |
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Nadine belongs to an egalitarian society, one in which few distinctions are made between individuals and groups. Her society is what on social stratification? |
low |
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Jean is the CEO of Creative Tribune, an advertising firm in Winchester. Many distinctions exist between the different classes of people in her society. Most of the top managers in her organization, for example, come from the upper classes. This implies that society in Winchester has what? |
A high degree of social stratification |
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Greg belongs to a society which makes very few distinctions between people and groups. This is reflected in his company, Sonata DCM, the managers of which represent several different classes and cultures. The society to which he belongs is what? |
low on social stratification |
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national culture |
the set of values that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society |
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Which of the following can be defined as the set of values and the norms of behavior which are approved or sanctioned by a particular society? |
national culture |
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demographic forces |
outcomes of change in, or changing attitudes toward, the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic origin, race, sexual orientation, and social class |
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which of the following forces are outcomes of changes in or changing attitudes toward the characteristics of a population? |
Demographic forces |
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a decline in the number of young people joining the workforce and an increase in the number of active employees who are postponing retirement are examples of what? |
demographic forces in the general environment |
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political and legal forces |
outcomes of changes in laws and regulations, such as deregulation of industries, privatization of organizations, and increased emphasis on environmental protection |
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deregulation, privatization, and the removal of legal barriers to trade are examples of what? |
changing political forces |
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globalization |
the set of specific and general forces that work together to integrate and connect economic, political, and social systems across countries, cultures, or geographical regions so that nations become increasingly interdependent and similar |
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which of the following is the result of globalization? |
globalization weakens cultural barriers and reduces dissimilarities between nations |
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which of the following factors played an important role in speeding up globalization? |
declining barriers to trade and investment that eased the flow of capital throughout the world |
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regional trade agreements |
expose companies based in one member country to increased competition from companies in other member countries |
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which of the following is an advantage of the establishment of free-trade agreements? |
they provide manufacturing organizations with opportunities to reduce production costs |
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expatriate manager(S) |
a manager who works in country other than his own |
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Principal forms of capital that flow between countries? |
human capital, financial capital, political capital, and resource capital |
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human capital |
the flow of people around the world through immigration migration and emigration |
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the republic of Karibo has been losing capital steadily over the last five years. As a result of this the standard of living has what? |
fallen |
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financial capital |
the flow of money capital across world markets through overseas investment, credit, lending and aid |
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all of the following are principal forms of capital that flow between countries except |
virtual capital |
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political capital |
the flow of power, influence around the world using diplomacy, persuasion, aggression, arm force to protect right or access of a country |
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which of the following is true of political capital? |
it is the flow of power and influence around the world using diplomacy, persuasion, aggression, and force of arms |
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resource capital |
the flow of natural resources, parts and components between companies and countries, such as lumber energy, food products, auto-parts |
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tariff |
a tax that government imposes on imported or, occasionally, exported goods. It is indented to protect domestic industry and jobs from foreign competition
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which of the following contributed to the lowering of barriers caused by distance and cultural differences? |
the development of communication and transportation technology |
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free-trade doctrine |
the idea that if each country specializes in the production of the goods and services that it can produce most efficiently, this will make the best use of global resources and will result in lower prices |
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which of the following is true of regional trade agreements? |
they expose companies based in one member country to increased competition from companies in other member countries |
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which of the following is an advantage of the establishment of free-trade agreements? |
they provide manufacturing organizations with opportunities to reduce production costs |
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declining barriers of distance |
markets were essentially closed because of the slowness of communications over long distances |
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declining barriers of culture |
language barriers and cultural practices made managing overseas businesses difficult |
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what did the lowering of trade barriers do? |
opened enormous opportunities for managers to expand the market for their goods and services. Allowed managers to now both buy and sell goods and services globally. Increased intensity of global competition such that managers now have a more dynamic and exiting job of managing |
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which of the following contributed to the lowering of barriers caused by distance and cultural difference? |
the development of communication and transportation technology |
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values |
ideas about what a society believes to be good, right, desirable and beautiful. They provide the basic underpinnings for notions of individual freedom, democracy, truth, justice, honesty, loyalty, love, sex, marriage, etc. |
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which of the following is true of values? |
values are abstract concepts invested with emotional significance |
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norms |
unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization |
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the basic building blocks of national culture are what? |
values and norms |
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mores |
norms that are considered to be central to the functioning of society and to social life |
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which of the following is true about mores? |
they are often enacted into laws |
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which of the following is an example of a more? |
societal taboos which censure murder, theft, and incest |
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folkways |
routine social conventions of everyday life |
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which of the following is true of folkways? |
they concern the routine social conventions of everyday life |
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which of the following is an example of a folkway? |
societal conventions that concern gender appropriate clothing |
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Hofstede value dimensions |
4 dimensions Dutch researcher collected data from questionnaire survey with over 116,000 respondents from 70 countries focus on one single company: power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity |
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power distance |
degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in the power an well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals' physical and intellectual capabilities and heritage |
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high power distance countries |
people blindly obey superiors, centralized tall |
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low power distance countries |
flatter, decentralized structures, smaller ratio of supervisor to employee |
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which of the following, according to Hofstede, is characteristic of societies with high power distance? |
the gap between the rich and poor is very large |
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which of the following, according to Hofstede, is a characteristic of societies with low power distance? |
the government uses taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality |
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Lobo belongs to a society which values the subordination of the individual to the group and discourages individual expressions of though. Inequality in the power and well-being of people is believed to be due to differences in their physical and intellectual capabilities, and heritage. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, Lobo's society is what? |
high on power distance and low on individualism |
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A major challenge for US business in China is what? |
understanding Chinese practice of Guanxi- the use of personal connections to conduct business |
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individualism |
a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social framework main concern for self and family. US managers tend to display weak power distance, short-term-orientation |
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high individualism countries |
wealthier, protestant work ethic, great individual initiative, and promotions based on market value |
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high collectivism countries |
poorer, less supportive of protestant work ethic, less individual initiative. Japanese managers value group decision |
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according to Hofstede, individualist societies what? |
value personal freedom, personal success, and self-expression |
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collectivism |
a worldview that values subordination of the individual to the goals of the group and adherence to the principle hat people should be judged by their contribution to the group |
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according to Hofstede, collectivist societies what? |
adhere to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to the group |
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uncertainty avoidance |
the degree to which societies are willing to tolerate uncertainty and risk |
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low uncertainty avoidance cultures are what? |
easygoing, value diversity, and tolerate differences in personal beliefs and actions |
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high uncertainty avoidance societies are what? |
more rigid and expect high conformity in their citizens' beliefs and norms of behavior |
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countries such as Japan, Greece, and Portugal have strict laws/procedures because they have what? |
high uncertainty avoidance |
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Max belongs to a society which is rigid and skeptical about people whose behaviors or beliefs differ from the norm. His society also values warm, personal relationships over success and performance. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, which of the following is true of his society? |
it is high on uncertainty avoidance and has a nurturing orientation |
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high uncertainty avoidance countries |
high need for security, strong belief in experts and their knowlege |
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low uncertainty avoidance countries |
people more willing to accept risks of the unknown, less structured organizational activities, fewer written rules |
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Masculinity |
cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued |
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high masculine countries |
stress earnings, recognition, advancement, challenge, wealth, high job stress |
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femininity |
cultural orientation in which relationships and concern for others are valued |
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high feminine countries |
emphasize caring for others and quality of life, cooperation, friendly atmosphere |
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achievement orientation |
a world view hat values assertiveness, performance, success, and competition |
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Clara belongs to a society which values assertiveness, performance, competition, and results. Her society also encourages freedom of expression and personal success, but makes few provisions for the welfare of the weak. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, which of the following is true of her society? |
It has an achievement orientation and is high on individualism
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nurturing orientation |
a worldview that values the quality of life, warm personal friendships, and services and care for the weak |
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time orientation |
whether culture values are oriented toward future or toward the past and present |
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mono-chronic time systems |
concentrate on one thing, time is money, deadlines, schedule lmp time experience in a linear, with past, present future |
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polychronic |
do several things at the same time |
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manana |
tomorrow |
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bukra |
tomorrow |
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guanxi |
refers to special relationship, affection, exchange of favors, gifts |
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long-term orientation |
a worldview that values thrift and persistence in achieving goals |
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according to hofstede, which of the follwing is true of countries with a long-term orientation? |
they have high rate of per capita savings |
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short-term orientation |
a worldview that values personal stability or happiness and living for the present |
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Holly belongs to a culture which values the subordination of individuals to the group. The national culture also values personal stability and living for the present. Which of the following, according to Hofstede, is true of Holly's culture? |
it is high on collectivism and has a short-term orientation |
