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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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(The Nature of Organization Change) What is organization change? |
Any substantive modification to some part of the organization. |
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(The Nature of Organization Change) _______ forces for change derive from the organization's general and task environments. |
External |
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(Planned Versus Reactive Change) What is planned change? |
Change that is designed and implemented in an orderly and timely fashion in anticipation of future events |
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(Planned Versus Reactive Change) what is reactive change? |
Piecemeal response to circumstances as they develop |
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(Managing Change in Organizations) What are the 3 steps in the Lewin Model? |
1. Unfreezing - individuals who will be affected by impending change must be led to recognize why the change is necessary. 2. The Change itself 3. Refreezing - involves reinforcing and supporting the change so that it becomes a part of the system |
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(Managing Change in Organizations) What are the steps in the comprehensive approach to change? |
1. Recognition of the need for change 2. Establishment of goals for the change 3. Diagnosis of relevant variables 4. Selection of appropriate change technique 5. Planning for implementation of the change 6. Actual implementation 7. Evaluation and follow-up |
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(Understanding Resistance to Change) What are the 4 resistances to change? |
1. Uncertainty 2. Threatened Self-interest 3. Different Perceptions 4. Feelings of loss |
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(Understanding Resistance to Change) Perhaps the biggest cause of employee resistance to change, ________, employees may become anxious and nervous and they may way worry about their ability to meet new job demands. They may think that their job security is threatened, or they may simply dislike ambiguity |
Uncertainty |
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(Understanding Resistance to Change) In the resistance, _____ ___-___, a change might diminish their power or influence within the company, so they fight it. |
Threatened self-interest |
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(Understanding Resistance to Change) Members of an organization may resist the manager's change because they do not agree with the manager' assessment or they perceive the situation differently. What resistance of change is this? |
Different perceptions |
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(Understanding Resistance to Change) Because social relationships are important, most people resist change that might adversely affect those relationships. Power, status, security, familiarity with existing procedures, and self-confidence may also be affected. What resistance to change is this? |
Feeling of loss |
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(Overcoming Resistance to Change) What are 4 ways to overcome resistance to change? |
1. Participation 2. Education and communication 3. Facilitation 4. Force-Field analysis |
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(Overcoming Resistance to Change) Making only necessary changes, announcing those changes well in advance, and allowing time for people to adjust to new ways of doing things are all ways to overcame change in what way? |
Facilitation |
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(Overcoming Resistance to Change) Managers start by listing each set of forces and then trying to tip the balance so that the forces facilitating the change outweigh those hindering the change. This is knows as? |
Force-field analysis |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What are 9 areas of organization structure and design in which there can be organizational change? |
1. Job Design 2. Departmentalization 3. Reporting relationships 4. Authority distribution 5. Coordination mechanisms 6. Line-staff structure 7. overall design 8. cluture 9. Human resource management |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What are 6 areas of Technology and operations in which there can be organizational change? |
1. Information technology 2. Equipment 3. Work processes 4. Work sequences 5. Control systems 6. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What are 6 areas of People in which there can be organizational change? |
1. Abilities and skills 2. performance 3. perceptions 4. expectations 5. attitudes 6. Values |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)? |
A large-scale information system for integrating and synchronizing the many activities in the extended enterprise. |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What is business process change (reengineering)? |
The radical redesign of all aspects of a business to achieve major gains in cost, service or time |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What are the 5 general steps in the business process change (reengineering)? |
1. Develop goals and a strategy for reengineering effort 2. Emphasize top management's commitment to the reengineering effort 3. Create a sense of urgency among members of the organization 4. Start with a clean slate; in effect, re-create the organization 5. Optimize top-down and bottom-up perspectives |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What is organizational development (OD)? |
An effort that is planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, intended to increase organizational effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's process, using behavioral science knowledge. |
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(Areas of Organization Change) What are the 11 organizational development (OD) techniques? |
1. Diagnostic activities 2. Team building 3. Survey feedback 4. Education 5. Intergroup activities 6. Technostructural activities 7 Process consultation 8. Life and career planning 9. Coaching and counseling 10. planning and goal setting 11. Third-party peacmaking |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what are diagnostic activities? |
just as a physician examines patients to diagnose their current condition, this analyzes the current condition of an organization Ex. questionnaires, opinion or attitude surveys, interviews |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what does education focus on? |
classroom training |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what are intergroup activities? |
group that focuses on improving the relationships between 2 or more groups. designed to promote cooperation or resolve conflicts that arose as a result of interdependence |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what third-party making? |
Most often used when substantial conflict exists within the organization, an OD consultant uses a variety of mediation or negotiation techniques to resolve any problems or conflicts among individuals or groups |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what are technostructural activities? |
concerned with the design of the organization, the technology of the organization, and the interrelationship of design and technology with people on the job, could be a change such as an increase in the use of automation, and a technological change involving a modification in work flow. Objective is to improve group and interpersonal relationships |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what is process consultation? |
OD observes groups in the organization to develop an understanding of their communication patterns, decision-making and leadership processes, and methods of cooperation and conflict resolution |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what is life and career planning? |
formulate their personal goals and evaluate strategies for integrating their goals with the goals of the organization |
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(Areas of Organization Change) An OD technique, what is coaching and counseling? |
provides nonevaluative feedback to individuals. purpose is to help people develop a better sense of how others see them and learn behaviors that will assist others in achieving their work-related goals. |
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(Organizational Innovation) what is innovation? |
the managed effort of an organization to develop new products or services or new uses for existing products or services |
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(Organizational Innovation) what are the 6 stages in an organizational innovation process? |
1. Innovation development 2. innovative application 3. Application launch 4. application growth 5. innovation maturity 6. innovation decline |
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(Organizational Innovation) A step in the organizational innovation process, what is innovation development? |
1st stage, the evaluation, modification, and improvement of creative ideas. |
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(Organizational Innovation) A step in the organizational innovation process, what is the innovation application? |
2nd stage, the stage in which an organization takes a developed idea and uses it in the design, manufacturing, or delivery of new products, services, or processes |
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(Organizational Innovation) A step in the organizational innovation process, what is application launch? |
3rd stage, the stage in which an organization introduces new products or services to the marketplace |
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(Organizational Innovation) A step in the organizational innovation process, what is application growth? |
4th stage, once an innovation has been successfully launched, it then enters the stage of application growth. Period of high economic performance for an organization because demand for the product or service is often greater than supply. |
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(Organizational Innovation) A step in the organizational innovation process, what is innovative maturity? |
5th stage, the stage at which most organizations in an industry have access to an innovation and are applying it in approximately the same way |
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(Organizational Innovation) A step in the organizational innovation process, what is innovative decline? |
stage during which demand for an innovation decreases and substitute innovations are developed and applied |
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(Forms of innovation) what are the 3 pairs of forms that innovation can take? |
1. radical or incremental 2. technical or managerial 3. product or process |
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(Forms of innovation) What are radical innovations? |
a new product, service, or technology that completely replaces an existing one |
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(Forms of innovation) What is incremental innovation? |
a new product, service, or technology that modifies and existing one |
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(Forms of innovation) What are technical innovations? |
a change in the appearance or performance of products or services, or of the physical processes through which a product or service passes |
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(Forms of innovation) What is managerial innovation? |
the change in the management process in an organization |
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(Forms of innovation) What is product innovations? |
a change in the physical characteristics or performance of an existing product or service or the creation of new ones |
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(Forms of innovation) what is process innovation? |
a change in the way a product or service is manufactured, created, or distributed |
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(Failure to innovate) What are 3 reason that cause organization failure to innovate? |
1. Lack or Resources 2. Failure to recognize opportunities 3. resistance to change |
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(Promoting innovation in Organizations) what are the 3 specific ways to promote innovation in an organization? |
1. the reward system 2. organizational culture 3. intrapreneurship |
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(Promoting innovation in Organizations) a way to promote innovation, what does the reward system do? |
provides the means by which organizations encourages and discourages certain behaviors by employees. Ex. salaries, bonuses |
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(Promoting innovation in Organizations) A way to promote innovation, What is organization culture? |
The set of values, beliefs, and symbols that help guide behavior |
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(Promoting innovation in Organizations) a way to promote innovation, what is intrapreneurs? |
similar to entrepreneurs except that they develop new businesses in the context of a large organization |
