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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The rock before it underwent metamorphism is called what?
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parent rock
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The _____________ indicate the intensity of metamorphism.
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metamorphic grade
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What is the metamorphic grade in order?
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1. Slate
2. Phylite 3. Schist 4. Gneiss (crystals are larger( |
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What is the parent rock of marble?
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limestone
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Non foliated metamorphic rock have _________, _________and ________ textures.
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glassy, sandy, and crystalline
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____________ gives the actual age or age range of a rock.
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absolute age
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___________ gives the age of one thing in relation to another.
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relative age
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How is absolute dating done?
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with carbon dating
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What is a another word for carbon dating?
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radiometric
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Carbon 14 dating can only date things that lived up to __________ years ago.
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60,000
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The rate that carbon 14 changes into carbon 12 is __________.
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constant
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Living organisms contain?
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carbon 14
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Once living organisms start to break down, we create what?
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carbon 12
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Amino acid racemiszation is another type of?
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radiometric dating
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Potassium-Argon dating is another type of?
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radiometric dating
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Uranium-Lead dating is another type of?
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radiometric dating
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All radiometric dating measures the ratio of ______________ to __________ atoms in the same.
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parent/daughter
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All radiometric dating techniques require the scientist to know the ____ ________ of radioactive isotopes or atoms.
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half life
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All isotopes or atoms have a different _________.
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half life
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The original, radioactive isotope in a sample is the?
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parent isotope
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The final, stable isotope in a sample is the?
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daughter isotope
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The time it takes for 1/2 of the parent isotope to decay to the daughter isotope is the?
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half life
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Relative dating can give us order, but not what?
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dates of years
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To find out the order for relative ages, geologists use what?
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rock record
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Mappable units of rock that can be distinguished from each other based on color, texture, rock type, or other physical features of the rock is called what?
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formations
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Surfaces between formations are called what?
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contacts
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Laws:
Sedimentary strata and lava flows are laid down horizontally. Any variation happened after they were initially deposited. |
Laws of original horizontality
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Laws:
Strata and lava flows extend laterally in all direction until they pinch out or reach the edge of their depositional basins. |
Law of Continuity
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Laws:
the oldest layer is at the bottom, younger layers on top. |
Law of Superposition
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Laws:
An inclusion is older than its surrounding matrix. |
Law of inclusions
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Laws:
Anything that cuts across strata or flows must be younger than the bed. Includes fractures, faults, or igneous intrusions |
Laws of cross cutting
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To recognize cross cutting, it must cut across several strata and may see a zone of _________ __________.
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contact metamorphism
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Laws:
_____________ represent a gap in the rock record. Deposition stops or sediment has been eroded away. Represents a gap in the geologic record. |
Law of unconformaties
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Between two sets of parallel strata:
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disconformaty
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Between sedimentary strata and igneous or metamorphic rock:
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Nonconformaty
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Two sets of non-parallel strata:
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Angular Unconformity
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What is the parent rock of:
Phylite Garnet Gneiss Biotite Slate |
shale
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What is the parent rock of anthracite coal?
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coal
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What is the parent rock of marble?
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limestone
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What is the parent rock of Quartzite?
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sandstone
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Anthracite Coal Marble Quartzite |
nonfoliated
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Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Gneiss Phylite Garnet Biotite Slate |
Foliated
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____________ metamorphism occurred in narrow zones next to the contact between parent rock and intrusive magma and along fractures in the parent rock that were intruded by HYDROTHERMAL fluids.
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contact
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____________ metamorphism occurred over a large region, throughout the mountain belt, and was accompanied by folding and shearing of rock layers.
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regional
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To the left of the zone of regional metamorphism, the rocks are?
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like gravel and poorly sorted
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An organism that, when found in a geologic formation, can be used to date that formation is what?
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index fossil
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Two sets of non-parallel strata:
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angular unconformity
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What makes a good index fossil?
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clearly distinguished from earlier and later forms and have been in existence for a short period of time.
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