Aca 7 Ch. 4 Vocabulary - Rocks & The Rock Cycle

Front 1

rock

Back 1

A natural, solid mixture of minerals or grains.

Front 2

grain

Back 2

Fragments that make up a rock.

Front 3

texture

Back 3

The grain size and the way grains fit together in a rock.

Front 4

magma

Back 4

Molten or liquid rock underground.

Front 5

lava

Back 5

Molten rock that erupts on Earth's surface.

Front 6

sediment

Back 6

Rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode.

Front 7

rock cycle

Back 7

The series of processes that change one type of rock into another type.

Front 8

extrusive rock

Back 8

A type of igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth's surface.

Front 9

volcanic glass

Back 9

Rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals, like obsidian.

Front 10

intrusive rock

Back 10

Igneous rocks that form as magma cools underground.

Front 11

compaction

Back 11

A process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between grains.

Front 12

cementation

Back 12

A process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains and holds the grains together.

Front 13

clastic rock

Back 13

Sedimentary rocks that are made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments.

Front 14

clasts

Back 14

Broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments.

Front 15

chemical rock

Back 15

Rocks that form when minerals crystallize directly from water.

Front 16

biochemical rock

Back 16

A sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms.

Front 17

metamorphism

Back 17

Any process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids.

Front 18

plastic deformation

Back 18

A permanent change in the shape of a rock caused by bending and folding of rocks that have experienced an increase in temperature and pressure.

Front 19

foliated rock

Back 19

Rocks containing parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals.

Front 20

nonfoliated rock

Back 20

Metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains with a random, interlocking texture.

Front 21

contact metamorphism

Back 21

Metamorphic rock formed when magma comes in contact with the existing rock, and its thermal energy and gases interact with the surrounding rock.

Front 22

regional metamorphism

Back 22

The formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size.