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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who said "life is driven by the flow of electrons?"
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Albert Szent-Gyorgyi |
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define chemoorganotroph
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gain electrons from organic compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and fats |
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define chemolithotrophs
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gain electrons from inorganic compounds such as H2S and Fe2+ |
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how much of the cell's wet weight is protein, lipids,polysaccharide, and nucleic acids |
20-30% |
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what monomer makes up protein
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amino acids |
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what monomer makes up lipids |
fatty acids
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what monomer makes up sugar
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polysaccharides |
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what monomer makes up nucleic acids |
nucleotides
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where does the energy to make macromolecules come from?
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metabolism |
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what are the two types of metabolism
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-catabolic -anabolic |
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describe catabolism
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releasing energy from breakdown of organic compounds
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describe anabolism
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requiring energy to synthesize cell parts from simple molecules |
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If delta G is negative, what has more free energy? |
reactants |
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define exergonic
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negative dela G an release energy |
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define endergonic |
positive delta G and require energy |
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T/F metabolic reactions do not occur without enzymes |
T AF |
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what do enzymes do
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reduce the activation energy |
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define activation energy
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energy required to reach transition-state complex |
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what two things do enzymes do |
-facilitate reactions |
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what are enzymes
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protein, sometimes RNA |
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how specific are enzymes?
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highly specific
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how do enzymes bring reactants together?
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in a specific orientation |
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how do enzymes reduce activation energy?
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by putting strain on the chemical bonds of reactants |
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what are two groups of enzymes |
-coenzymes |
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describe prosthetic groups
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tightly bound |
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describe coenzymes |
loosely bound |
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what is oxidation |
the removal of electrons |
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what is reduction
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the gain of electrons |
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what are four common electron carriers
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-flavin mononucleotide -iron/sulfate centers -heme |
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what does the redox tower represent
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the ability of substances to be electron donors or receptors |
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if E0 is negative, the substance is a better electron ______
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donor |
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if E0 is positive, the substance is a better electron _____
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acceptor |
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what does a great difference in E0 tell you? |
that there is more energy released |
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what three things are necessary for a redox reaction to occur
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-an electron donor -an electron receptor -an enzyme |
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define reduction potential
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the tendency to ACCEPT an electron |
