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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anatomical position? |
A standard position anatomists refer to when they are describing location of structures or pathologies. |
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How 6 things must a person do to stand in anatomical position? |
1. Stands erect 2. head and eyes to the front 3. Upper limbs by the sides 4. Palms front 5. lower limbs close together 6. toes directed to the front |
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How does a person in supine position lie? |
flat on the back, face up. |
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How does a person in prone position lie? |
lies face down. |
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Name the arrows. |
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Name the arrows and sides of the hand and foot. |
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Name the blurred parts of the head. |
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Name the blurred parts of the trunk. |
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Name the blurred parts of the neck and arm. |
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Name the blurred parts of the leg. |
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Name the parts of the posterior. |
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What is a plane? |
An imaginary flat surface that passes through the body. |
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What is a section? |
One of the 2 surfaces (pieces) that results when the body is cut by a plane passing through it. |
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What is the median or midsagittal plane? |
A line that passes vertically through the center of the body and divides the body into equal left and right halves. |
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What are parasagittal planes? |
Planes that run parallel to the median plane. There can be many parasagittal planes. |
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What are coronal planes? |
Planes that are passing vertically at the right angle to the medium plane. There can be more than one coronal plane. |
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What are the names of the 2 portion that a coronal planes divide called? |
1. Anterior 2. Posterior |
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Name the planes of the superior view. |
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Name the planes of the anteriolaterial view. |
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What are transverse planes? |
Planes passing horizontally at the right angle to the median and coronal plane. |
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What 2 sections do transverse planes divide the body into? |
1. Superior 2. Inferior |
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What are Oblique planes? |
Planes not parallel to the median coronal and transverse planes. |
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Symmetrical and paired structures occurring on both sides of the body or having left and right members. |
Bilaterial |
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Structures which only occur in one side of the body. |
Unilateral |
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What is ipsilateral? |
The structure of event that occurs on the same side of the body. |
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What is contralaterial? |
"on the opposite side of the body" |
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What are cavities inside the body? |
Spaces or potential spaces inside the body. |
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What are 2 major cavities in the body? |
1. Ventral Cavity 2. Dorsal Cavity |
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What is the cavity derived from embryonic gut and divided by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? |
Ventral Cavity |
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What is the cavity that develops from embryonic neural tube and is divided into cranial cavity formed by the skull and holds the brain and spinal canal? |
Cranial cavity |
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Name the different cavities. |
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What kind of membranes are body cavities usually lined by? |
Connective tissue membranes. |
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What is the dorsal cavity lined by? |
Meninges |
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What is the meninges? |
The 3 membranes covering the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, archnoid, and pia mater. |
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What membranes is the ventral cavity lined by? |
Fascia and serous membranes. |
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What do serous membrane used for? |
Separating and wrapping organs of the ventral cavity. |
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What is the pleura? |
A serous membrane around lungs. |
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What is the pericardium? |
A serous membrane around the heart. |
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What is peritoneum? |
A serous membrane around the abdominal viscera. |
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What are the 2 layers of serous capsule? |
1. The visceral layer closest to the organ. 2. The parietal layer lining the cavity. |
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What is the thoracic cavity filled with? |
Lungs and mediastinum. |
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What is the mediastinum? |
The space between lungs that contain the heart, esophagus, trachea, important nerves and blood vessels. |
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Name where the arrow is pointing. |
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Name where the arrow is pointing. |
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What is the abdominopelvic cavity? |
The largest cavity which is divided into four quadrants or nine regions. |
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The abdominal quadrants are defined by what 2 planes? |
The median and transumbilical planes. |
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Name the 9 regions |
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Name the 4 quadrant |
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Memorize fibrous joints |
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Memorize cartilaginous joints |
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Memorize synovial joint |
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Memorize TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS |
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Memorize bone markings |
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Identify Cranial Bones (neocranium) |
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Inferior concha |
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Ethmoid |
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Nasal |
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Maxilla |
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Lacrimal |
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Zygomatic |
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Palatine |
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Volmer |
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Superior Orbital Fissure |
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Hypoglossal canal |
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Optics foramen |
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Stylomastoid foramen |
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Spinosum foramen |
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Rotundum foramen |
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Lacerum foramen |
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Ovale foramen |
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Carotid canal |
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Jugular foremen |
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What is a foremen? |
A natural hole in a bone which nerves and blood vessels pass. |
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coronoid process |
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Mental protuberance |
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pterygoid process |
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What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system? |
1. CNS, Central Nervous System 2. PNS, Peripheral Nervous System |
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What is the function of the CNS? |
Integrate and coordinate neural signals and perform higher mental function. |
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What is the CNS made of? |
The brain and spinal cord. |
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What cavity does the brain occupy? |
The cranial cavity. |
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What cavity does the spinal cord occupy? |
Vertebral canal. |
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What are the 4 parts of the PNS? |
1. Peripheral Nerves 2. Ganglia 3. Receptors 4. Enteric Plexus |
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What is the function of the PNS? |
Carry signals to and from the CNS. |
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What are the roles of sensory fibers? |
Conducting impulses from receptors (sensors) to the CNS. |
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What is the role of motor fibers? |
Conducting impulses from the CNS to the effectors (muscles or glands). |
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The motor division of the nervous system consists of what 2 systems? |
1. SNS, Somatic Nervous System (voluntary), controls skeletal muscles. 2. ANS, Autonomic Nervous System (involuntary), controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscles and glands. |
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What 2 divisions is the Autonomic Nervous System divided into? |
The sympathetic and parasympathic division. |
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What does the neurocranium accommodate? |
The brain. |
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What are the 3 fossae of the floor of the cranium? |
1. Anterior fossa 2. Middle fossa 3. Posterior fossa |
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How many cranial peripheral nerves are there? |
12 pairs |
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? |
31 pairs |
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What are the cavities in the hollow human brain called? |
Ventricles |
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1 |
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1 |
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What are Ganglia? |
Collections of neural cell bodies located outside the CNS. |
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What are nuclei? |
Collections of neural cell bodies inside the CNS. |
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What is Dura Mater? |
A thick membrane that is the outermost layer of the meninges. |
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What is Arachnoid Mater? |
Spider-web like appearance, forms the arachnoid villi which allow CSF to exit into the blood stream. |
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What is Pia Mater |
The delicate innermost layer of the meninges. |
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What is the meninges? |
The system of membranes that envelops and protects the CNS. |
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