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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the middel ages what were the mental thought of?
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Thought to be possesd. They were exsorcised. Whippings and starvations was choice treatment. Jail, mental asylums, and poor houses were used.
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Ben Franklin opened what mental hospital and when.
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In 1756 Ben Franklin opened a private hospital. Mental pts. were put in the cellar. It was the begining of human treatment.
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Who is Benjaman Rush?
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Father of Am. Psychiatry (1745-1813).
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Who is Phillipe Pinel ?
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– Moral therapy (1792)
Started treating pts. like human |
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What is the first psychiatric institution.
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Eastern State Hospital, Virginia
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Whos Dorthea Dix?
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state hospital systems (1802-1887)
Sunday school teacher who volenteered in prisons. She saw alot of mentally unstable people being treated like criminals. To her efforts psychiatric hospitals were created. |
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Sigmund Freud?
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1856-1939
Gave understanding of human behavior and its development of. ID, EGO, and Superego. |
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Hildegard Peplau
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Wrot e the book: interpersonal relations of nursing.
Came out in 1952 Spoke about significance of Nurse pt. relationship. She is considered the mother of mental health nursing. |
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Who is Clifford Bears?
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1908 wrote a book about himself
The mind that found itself Led to commitee of national mental health act -focused on prevention of mental illness. |
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Nationla mental health act of 1946 passed why?
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Crazy ass soldirers comming back from WW2 with PTSD/shell shock.
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Wren was mental health mandated to be included in the circulate of nurses?
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1953 National League for Nursing decided to make it important.
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What did National Alliance for the Mentally Ill NAMI, do?
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Gave funds for resaech on mental illness rather then educating instructors. This was in the Mid 60s
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What is Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act?
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JFK started this act.
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Where does Acetylcholine work? And what catagory does it fall under?
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ANS: Sympathetic and parasympathetic presynaptic nerve terminals; parasympathetic postsynaptic nerve terminals
CNS: Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, limbic structures, and basal ganglia. It is a cholanergic |
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What are the functions of Acetylcholine and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: sleep, arousal, pain perception, movement and memory.
Too much: Depression Too Little: Alzheimer’s Disease Huntington’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease |
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What is the catgory of Norepinephrine and where does it work?
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It is a MONOAMINES
ANS: Sympathetic postsynaptic nerve terminals CNS: Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex |
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What are the functions of Noreepinephrine and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Mood, cognition, perception, locomotion, cardiovascular functioning, and sleep and arousal.
Too much: Mania, Anxiety states, Schizophrenia. Too little: Depression |
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What is the catgory of Dopamine and where does it work?
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MONOAMINES
Frontal cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, posterior pituitary, and spinal cord. |
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What are the functions of Dopamine and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Movement and coordination, emotions, voluntary judgment, release of prolactin
Too much: Mania, Schizophrenia Too little: Parkinson’s Disease Depression |
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What is the catgory of seritonin and where does it work?
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MONOAMINES
Hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic system, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord |
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What are the functions of seritonin and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Sleep and arousal, libido, appetite, mood, aggression, pain perception, coordination and judgment
Too much: Anxiety states Too little: Depression |
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What is the catgory of histamine and where does it work?
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MONOAMINES
Hypothalamus |
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What are the functions of histamine and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Wakefulness, pain sensation and inflammatory response
Too little: Depression |
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What is the catagory of GABA and where does it work?
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AMINO ACIDS
Hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal cord, and retina |
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What is the function of GABA and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Slow down of body activity
Too Little: Huntington’s Disease Anxiety disorders Schizophrenia Various forms of epilepsy |
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What is the catagory of Glycine and where does it work?
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AMINO ACIDS
Spinal cord and brain stem |
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What is the function of Glycine and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Recurrent inhibition of motor neurons
Too much: Toxic levels: “glycine encephalopathy Too Little: Decreased levels are correlated with spastic motor movements |
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What is the catagory of Glutamate and Asparate and where does it work?
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AMINO ACIDS
Pyramidal cells of the cortex, cerebellum, and the primary sensory afferent systems; hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord |
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What is the function of glutamate and asparate and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Relay of sensory information, and in the regulation of various motor and spinal reflexes.
Too much: Huntington’s Disease Temporal lobe epilepsy Spinal cerebellar degeneration |
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What is the catagory of Endorphins and Enkephalins and where does it work?
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NEUROPEPTIDES
Hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic structures, midbrain, ad brain stem. Enkephalins are also found in the GI tract. |
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What is the function of Endorphins and Enkephalins and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Functions: Modulation of pain and reduced peristalsis (Enkephalins)
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What is the catagory of substance P and where does it work?
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NEUROPEPTIDES
Hypothalamus, limbic structures, midbrain, brain stem, thalamus, basal ganglia, and spinal cord: also found in the GI tract and salivary glands. |
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What is the function of Substance P and what happens if there is too much or too little?
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Function: Regulation of pain
Too much: Depression Too Little: Huntington’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease |
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What is the category of Somatostatin and where does it work?
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NEUROPEPTIDES
Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia, brain stem and spinal cord. |
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What is the function of Somatostatin and what happens when there is too much or too little?
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Function: Depending on part of the brain being affected, stimulates the release of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, and inhibits release of norepinephrine, histamine and glutamate, Also acts as a neuromodulator for serotonin in the hypothalamus.
Too much: Huntington’s Disease Too Little: Alzheimer’s Disease |
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What is the Id?
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The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviors.
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What is the ego?
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The ego is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality. According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world. The ego functions in both the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind.
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What is the superego?
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The last component of personality to develop is the superego. The superego is the aspect of personality that holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from both parents and society--our sense of right and wrong. The superego provides guidelines for making judgments. According to Freud, the superego begins to emerge at around age five.
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What are frueds deffence mechinisims?
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* They often appear unconsciously.
* They tend to distort, transform, or otherwise falsify reality. In distorting reality, there is a change in perception which allows for a lessening of anxiety, with a corresponding reduction in felt tension. Freud's Defense Mechanisms include: * Denial: claiming/believing that what is true to be actually false. * Displacement: redirecting emotions to a substitute target. * Intellectualization: taking an objective viewpoint. * Projection: attributing uncomfortable feelings to others. * Rationalization: creating false but credible justifications. * Reaction Formation: overacting in the opposite way to the fear. * Regression: going back to acting as a child. * Repression: pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the subconscious. * Sublimation: redirecting 'wrong' urges into socially acceptable actions. |
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Describe frueds theories on anxiety?
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Anxiety and tension
Freud noted that a major drive for most people is the reduction in tension, and that a major cause of tension was anxiety. He identified three different types of anxiety. Reality Anxiety This is the most basic form of anxiety and is typically based on fears of real and possible events, such as being bitten by a dog or falling from a ladder. The most common way of reducing tension from Reality Anxiety is taking oneself away from the situation, running away from the dog or simply refusing to go up the ladder. Neurotic Anxiety This is a form of anxiety which comes from an unconscious fear that the basic impulses of the ID (the primitive part of our personality) will take control of the person, leading to eventual punishment (this is thus a form of Moral Anxiety). Moral Anxiety This form of anxiety comes from a fear of violating values and moral codes, and appears as feelings of guilt or shame. |
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What are frueds views on comping mechinisms?
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* Adaptive mechanisms: That offer positive help.
* Attack mechanisms: That push discomfort onto others. * Avoidance mechanisms: That avoid the issue. * Behavioral mechanisms: That change what we do. * Cognitive mechanisms: That change what we think. * Conversion mechanisms: That change one thing into another. * Defense mechanisms: Freud's original set. * Self-harm mechanisms: That hurt our selves. |
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What are frueds stages of psychosexual development?
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Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months). During the oral stage, the child if focused on oral pleasures (sucking).
Anal Stage (18 months to three years). The child’s focus of pleasure in this stage is on eliminating and retaining feces. Phallic Stage (ages three to six). The pleasure zone switches to the genitals. Freud believed that during this stage boy develop unconscious sexual desires for their mother. Because of this, he becomes rivals with his father Latency Stage (age six to puberty). It’s during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed and children interact and play mostly with same sex peers. Genital Stage (puberty on). The final stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened |
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What is classical conditioning.
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Classical conditioning (also Pavlovian or respondent conditioning, Pavlovian reinforcement) is a form of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov.[1]
If you eat a subway sandwicth then fuck repeativly for a year or somethin, then whenever you eat a subway sandwitch youll get a chubby. |
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What is skinners theory of operant conditioning?
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A punishment reward system.
Hand on the stove, you learn not to put your hand on the stove. Get a snack for doin somthin right, keep doin it right. |
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Whats jean pihttp://www.flashcardexchange.com/mycards/add/962043agets stages of cognitve development?
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There are four primary cognitive structures (i.e., development stages) according to Piaget: sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations. In the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), intelligence takes the form of motor actions. Intelligence in the preoperation period (3-7 years) is intutive in nature. The cognitive structure during the concrete operational stage (8-11 years) is logical but depends upon concrete referents. In the final stage of formal operations (12-15 years), thinking involves abstractions.
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What are ericsons eight stages of development?
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1. Infancy: Birth to 18 Months
Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust Basic strength: Drive and Hope 2. Early Childhood: 18 Months to 3 Years Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs. Shame Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and Will 3. Play Age: 3 to 5 Years Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt Basic Strength: Purpose 4. School Age: 6 to 12 Years Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority Basic Strengths: Method and Competence 5. Adolescence: 12 to 18 Years Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity 6. Young adulthood: 18 to 35 Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love 7. Middle Adulthood: 35 to 55 or 65 Ego Development Outcome: Generativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation Basic Strengths: Production and Care 8. Late Adulthood: 55 or 65 to Death Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs. Despair Basic Strengths: Wisdom |
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What did Hildegard Peplau do for nursing?
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interpersonal model emphasizing the need for a partnership between nurse and client as opposed to the client passively receiving treatment (and the nurse passively acting out doctor's orders).
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Whats orms model about?
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The Orem model is based upon the philosophy that all "patients wish to care for themselves". They can recover more quickly and holistically if they are allowed to perform their own self cares to the best of their ability.
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What the fuck is somatic thearpy?
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ITs fucking bull shit. Body mind healling, fuck that shit.
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What is the purpose of mental health case managment?
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Case management is the coordination of community services for mental health patients by allocating a professional to be responsible for the assessment of need and implementation of care plans. It is usually most appropriate for people who, as a result of a serious mental illness, have ongoing support needs in areas such as housing, employment, social relationships, and community participation
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What is included in the pt. bill of rights in 97?
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The Right to Information
The Right to Choose .Access to Emergency Services Being a Full Partner in Health Care Decisions Care Without Discrimination The Right to Privacy The Right to Speedy Complaint Resolution Taking on New Responsibilities. |
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What is Transference and Countertransference?
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transference refers to redirection of a client's feelings for a significant person to the therapist.
Countertransference[5] is defined as redirection of a therapist's feelings toward a client, or more generally as a therapist's emotional entanglement with a client. |
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What do state nurse practice acts due?
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They decide what constitutes the legally protected scope of practice in the state for RNs and LPNs.
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What are some advanced practice nurssesx?
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Nurse practitioners, clinical nurse speiales, certified nurse midwives, certified registered nurse anesthetist.
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What are things includied in the intiall assment interview?
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Main complaint, general physical, mental and emotional health status. Personal family history, support systems, social groups or community. ADL's. health habbits, beliefes, substance use or abuse, meds, relationships. Risk of injury to self and others.
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What is the DSM-IV-TR do?
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It is a diagnostic tool, it has critics that say it turns normalcy into a mental disorder.
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