Mental Health Blue Print 1

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Fundamental objectives of mental health

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1. promotion and protection of mental health
2. prevention of mental disorders
3. the treatment of mental disorders
4. recovery and rehabilitation

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Promotion and protection of mental health

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the primary function of the healthcare system. There are many sites where a nurse can promote and protect mental health including: homes, schools, community agencies, and organizations are the primary resources. Promotion begins by learning about and living with that knowledge of health from an early age and must knowledge should begin inside the home. There are some things which inhibit promotion including unhealthy/abusive home or family situations, early detection and intervention is the key. This is a multifocal, interrelated endeavor that also requires an active interest on the part of world health organizations

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Prevention of Mental Disorders

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Occurs in three levels. Primary-helps to reduce the incidence of mental disorders includes offering stress reduction skills, teaching normal stages of development, holding seminars to discuss and share information regarding community resources. Secondary- helps to reduce the prevalence which includes early identification and treatment to prevent increased disability. Tertiary- helps reduce the residual effects of the disorder and promote rehabilitation

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The treatment of mental disorders

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patients are central to the process that determines their care as their abilities allow, they are encouraged to make decisions and actively engage in their own treatment plans. Must consider whether it is an acute or chronic problem, and must tailor treatment to each unique individual.

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Treatment plan

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patients participation in their won care is a primary objective of all treatment plans. together with the client the nurse will make goals and look for possible outcomes, establish objectives that will help the patient learn skills and techniques that will assist patients to restore and maintain health

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Universal Agreement

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mental health is an inextricable or inseparable component of overall human health, welfare, and safety. Quality of life, effective daily functioning, and overall perceptions of well-being are closely linked to sound mental health

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Mental Health components

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a basic right of all, regardless of race, age, gender, or socioeconomic states, basic for functioning, productivity, and general well-being, healthy live productive, creative, and satisfying lives and experience relatively low internal and external stress, are cognitively, emotionally, physically, and behaviorally stable and have realistic perceptions, have ordered thought patterns and feelings of overall wellbeing; are able to function autonomously and in in harmonious relationships with others

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Integrated Care

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must recognize that mental disorders and physical illness are closely linked. Mental disorders increase the risk for developing physical illness and vice versa. The mind and body must both be treated. Addresses both the mental and physical aspects of any illness or disorder is found to be the most efficient and effective treatment method. Must be able to integrate physical care while also treating the mental disorder

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Recovery and Rehabilitation

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helps to prevent relapse and readmission one such program was introduced by SAMHSA (substance abuse and mental health services administration) which is designed to reintegrate patients into community and to support them as they more actively participate in their own treatment. Sets strategies which enable patients to take responsibility for their care and empowers them to become their own change agents. This step places an emphasis on symptom management, restoration,, rehabilitation, a return to the pre-illness level of function.

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What is a PMHN (psychiatric mental health nurse)?

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a specialized area of nursing practice committed to promoting mental heath through the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of human responses to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric mental health nursing, as a core mental health profession, employs a purposeful use of self as its art, and a wide variety of nursing psychosocial, and neurobiological theories and research evidence as its science

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Therapeutic alliance

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a professional bond between the nurse and the patient that serves as a vehicle for patients to freely discuss their needs and problems in the absence of the nurse's criticism or judgement. It is a valuable tool to help the patient in the process of healing.

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Parity in healthcare

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Refers to the payments for mental health services that equal payment scheduled for medical or surgical conditions. This s a part of the Mental Health care reform as mental health care was previously paid at much lower rates, or care not being provided or available due to legal loopholes.

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Global Burden of Disease

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psychiatric disorders are significant burden in terms of human suffering and economic and social costs (example unipolar depression ranks second among all other noninfectious health related causes by the year 2020) human suffering includes suicide and injuries. Economic costs include lost wages, high cost of treatments, pt unable to contribute money, time, or talents back to society because of limitation of the disorder. Social costs include homelessness, unemployment, poverty, welfare, incarceration, and degradation from limited choices of employment.

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Mental Health Care Report Legislation

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Includes patient protection and affordable act, Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Future of Nursing

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Mental Disorders

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cannot be simply defined, are identified by the patients response to the disorder, manifestations are specific to each disorder, Includes impaired perception, cognition, mood, affect, behavior, or a combination of some or all of these!

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Indicator of Mental Health

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Review Box 1-1 on page 9

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Influencing Factors for Mental Health or Disorder

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Review Box 1-2 on page 9

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Risk Factors for Mental Illness

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predisposing characteristics and external influences that increase a person's vulnerability and potential for developing mental disorders include biologic, psychologic, sociocultural, and environmental

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Protective Factors

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characteristics that guard against risks and that may decrease an individual's potential for developing the risk for mental disorders and include both internal and external factors.

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Internal Protective Factors

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examples include: resilience, good overall health, high stress tolerance, average or higher intelligence; optimism; high motivation, competence in several areas; flexibility, healthy curiosity and interest in life, and useful skills

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External Protective Factors

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Examples include: healthy, skilled, and caring parents, family, and friends; supportive teachers, bosses, cultures, and subcultures; sufficient income; and available and appropriate resources, recreation, and hobbies.

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Neuroplasticity

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the brains ability to relearn what it has lost; the ability of the nervous system to adapt to trauma or disease; the ability of nerve fells to grow and form new connections to other neurons.

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Social Stigma

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Primary burden of Mental illness is the diagnosis and the secondary burden is the social stigma surrounding mental illness. Includes disgrace of the shame of mental illness; may experience exclusion, rejection, alienation, over and covert ridicule, exploitation, and sometimes even violence; labeling; and are often victims of bias

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Purposes of Diagnosis

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Include communication, treatment, prognosis, and funding please review box 1-3 on page 12

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LInda Richards

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Considered the first psychiatric nurse because of her dedicated work with patients in state mental institutions and with the nurses who were assigned to care for them. She established several health care institutions in the nation and in 1882 opened the first school for psychiatric nurses.

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Hildegard Peplau

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referred to as the "mother of psychiatric nursing" molded the theory and practice of the PMHN. recognized for her theory Interpersonal Relationships which addresses the nurse-patient relationship

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Therapeutic Alliance

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a bond that exists between nurse and patient, plays a significant role in the patient's well being, guided by standards and objectives, focuses on patient centered needs, issues, and short and long term goals. serves to allow open discussion of needs and problems free from judgment and criticism, assist with insight into problems, expectations, abilities, and support systems, learn and practice new skills in a safe environment, effect life changes, heal mental and emotional wounds, promotes growth

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Principles of the nurse patient relationship

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relationship is therapeutic rather than social, focus on patients needs and problems, relationship is purposeful and goal directed, objective rather than subjective, time-limited versus open ended, focus is on the client.

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Stages of the Nurse patient relationship

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Pre-orientation, orientation-rapport, working, and termination