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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Encoding
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the process of acquiring information and entering it into the memory
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Storage
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the process of maintaining information in memory over time
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Retrieval
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the process of recalling information stored in memory
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Information Processing Model
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suggest that in order for information to become firmly embedded in memory, it must pass through three stages of mental processing: sensory, short term and long term
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Sensory Memory
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a type of memory that hold large amounts of incoming information long enough to connect one impression to the next
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Short-Term Memory
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the maintenance component of working memory, which holds unrehearsed information for a limited time
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Working Memory
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the part of the memory system allows us to mentally work with information being held in short term memory
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Maintenance Rehearsal
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repeating information over and over to keep active in short term memory
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Elaborative Rehearsal
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a memorization method that involves thinking about how new information related to information already stored in long term memory
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Chunking
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stimuli that are perceived as one unit or as meaningful groupings of information
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Long Term Memory
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a relatively long-lasting stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be unlimited
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Episodic Memory
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memory of an event that happened while one was present
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Semantic Memory
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a type of memory containing generalized knowledge of the world
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Procedure Memory
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memory containing information about how to do things
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Explicit Memory
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process in which people intentionally try to remember something
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Implicit Memory
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the unintentional influence of prior experiences
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Serial-Position-Curve
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show the chances of recalling words appearing in a list
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Primacy Effect
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remembering the beginning of the list
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Recency Effect
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remembering what was last heard
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Retrieval Cues
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something the helps you to remember something else in your memory
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Encoding Specificity Principle
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states that the ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on the degree to which it taps into information that was encoded at the time of the original learning
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Context-Depending Memory
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memory that can be helped or hindered by similarities or differences between the context in which it is learned and the context in which it is recalled
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State-Dependent Memory
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memory that is aided or impended by a persons internal state
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Constructive Memory
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memory that is affected by what we experience and also by what we already know about the world
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Schemas
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mental representations of categories of objects, events and people
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Interference
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the process through which either the storage or the retrieval of information is impaired by the presence of other information
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Retroactive Interference
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a cause of forgetting in which new information placed in memory interferes with the ability to recall information already in memory
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Proactive
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a cause of forgetting in which information already in long term memory interferes with the ability to remember new information
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False Memory
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distortions of actual events and recall of events that didn't actually happen
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Anterograde Amnesia
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a loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injury
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Retrograde Amnesia
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a loss of memory for events prior to brain injury
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Korsakoff's Syndrome
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a disorder that usually occurs in chronic alcoholics
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Mnemonics
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strategies for placing information in an organized context in order to remember it
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Distributive Practice
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studying for an hour a day for a week
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Massed Practice
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cramming information in one night
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Flashbulb Memories
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vivid recollections of personally significant events that, like a snap shot, seem to preserve the details of the moment
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