Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Memory
|
the retention of information over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval
|
|
|
Encoding
|
the way in which information gets into memory storage
|
|
|
levels of processing theory
|
states that memory is on a continuum from shallow to deep, with deeper processing profucing better memory.
|
|
|
Elaboration
|
the extensiveness of processing at any given level of memory
|
|
|
storage
|
ways in which information is retained over time and how it is represented in memory
|
|
|
atkinson-shifftin theory
|
the view that memort involves a sequence of three stages, sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory
|
|
|
sensory memory
|
holds information from the world in its original gorm only for an instant, not much longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses
|
|
|
short-term memory
|
a limited capacity memory system in which information is retained for only as long as 30 secondsunless strategies are used to retain it longer
|
|
|
working memory
|
a three-part system that temporarily holds information. Working memory is a kind of mental workbench on which information is manipulated and assembled to perform other cognitive tasks.
|
|
|
long-term memory
|
a relatively permanent type of memory that holds huge amounts of infomation for a long period of time.
|
|
|
explicit memory(declatitive memory)
|
the conscious recollection of infomation, such as specifc facts or events and, at least in humans, infomation can be verbally communicated
|
|
|
episodic memory
|
the retention of infomation about the where and when of lifes happenings
|
|
|
sematntic memory
|
a persons knowledge about the world
|
|
|
retrospective memory
|
remembering the past
|
|
|
prospective memory
|
remembering information about doing something in the future
|
|
|
implicit memory (Nondeclaritive memory)
|
memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without that experience being consciously recollected
|
|
|
proceduaral memory
|
memory for skills
|
|
|
priming
|
a type of implicit memory: informationthat people already have in stoage is activated to help them remember new information better and faster
|
|
|
schema
|
a preexisting mental concept or framework that helps people to organize and interpret infomation
|
|
|
script
|
schema for an event
|
|
|
connectionism (parallel distributed provessing)
|
the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections between neurons, several of which may work together to preocess a single memory
|
|
|
retrieval
|
the memory process of taking information out of storage
|
|
|
serial position effect
|
the tendencey for items at the beginnings and at the end of a list to be recalled more readily
|
|
|
interference theory
|
states that people forget not because memories are actually lost from storage, but because other information gets in the way of what we want
|
|
|
proactive interference
|
occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later
|
|
|
retroactive interference
|
occurs when material learned later disrupts the retrieval of information learned earlier
|
|
|
decay theory
|
states that when something new is learned, a neurochemical memory trace is formed, but over tme this trace tends to disintergrate
|
|
|
amnesia
|
the loss of memory
|
|
|
anterograde amnesia
|
a memory disorder tjat affects the retention of new information or events
|
|
|
retrograde amnesia
|
a memory disorder that involves a memory loss for a segment of the past but not for new events
|
