Med/surg Test 3 Terms - Musculoskeletal

Front 1

plaster or fiberglass mold that provides immobilization of bones and joints after a fracture or injury.

Back 1

casts

Front 2

increased pressure with one or more compartments causing massive compromise of circulation to an area and causing irreversible neuromuscular damage within 4 to 6 hours of onset if not treated.

Back 2

compartment syndrome

Front 3

stabilization of a fracture by the use of an external frame, with multiple pins applied through the bone.

Back 3

external fixation

Front 4

an arterial blockage that can occur 24 to 48 hours or within the first 72 hours following a fracture

Back 4

fat embolism

Front 5

stabilization of a fracture that involves the application of screws, plates, pins, or nails to hold the fragments in alignment.

Back 5

internal fixation

Front 6

the procedure that restores the bone to proper alignment.

Back 6

reduction

Front 7

force applied in two directions to reduce and immobilize a fracture

Back 7

traction

Front 8

the injection of contrast media into the joint cavity to examine joint structures through a series of x-rays

Back 8

arthrogram

Front 9

a surgical procedure to remove fluid from the joint to reduce swelling and pain and/or to obtain fluid for examination using sterile technique

Back 9

arthrocentesis

Front 10

a surgical procedure used to examine the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope

Back 10

arthroscopy

Front 11

raised bony growths over the proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand seen less frequently than Heberden's nodes in osteoarthritis

Back 11

Bouchard's nodes

Front 12

a spongy bone resulting from structural units fitting loosely together leaving many spaces between thin processes and labyrinth of the bone tissue

Back 12

cancellous bone

Front 13

a dense structured bone resulting from structural units fitted closely together

Back 13

compact bone

Front 14

occurs when circulation to a compartment is impeded due to excessive pressure against the nonelastic fascia; compartment pressure exceeds 30mmHg (normal 10 to 20 mmHg), resulting in tissue death and nerve injury

Back 14

compartment syndrome

Front 15

a pulling force exerted in the opposite direction to prevent the client from sliding to the end of the bed

Back 15

countertraction

Front 16

a grating or popping sound caused by the splinters of a fractured bone or rough joint surfaces rubbing against other structures or by air entering subcutaneous tissue in a compound fracture

Back 16

crepitation

Front 17

a slowly progressive disorder of articulating joints, especially weight-bearing joints, primarily affecting middle-aged to older adults

Back 17

degenerative joint disease

Front 18

a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid levels in the blood resulting in deposition of urate crystals in synovial fluid and joint tissues

Back 18

gout

Front 19

raised bony growths over the distal interphalangeal joints that occur frequently in osteoarthritis and are a common manifestation of the disease in women

Back 19

Heberden's nodes

Front 20

a surgically implanted fracture immobilization device to realign a fracture

Back 20

internal fixation

Front 21

a surgical incision of the lamina primarily done to relieve symptoms related to an intervertebral disc

Back 21

laminectomy

Front 22

also known as Paget's disease, a chronic skeletal bone disease resulting in enlarged and deformed bones

Back 22

osteitis deformans

Front 23

an acute or chronic infection of the bone usually caused by the Staphylococcus aureus organism

Back 23

osteomyelitis

Front 24

disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue causing the bone to become fragile and susceptible to fractures

Back 24

osteoporosis

Front 25

a stretch and/or tear of a ligament

Back 25

sprain

Front 26

a stretching or tearing of muscle fibers

Back 26

strain

Front 27

direct pulling force applied to a fractured extremity that results in realignment of the bone

Back 27

traction

Front 28

A life-threatening disorder caused by adrenal hormone insufficiency. Precipitated by infection, trauma, stress, or surgery. Death can occur from shock, vascular collapse, or hyperkalemia

Back 28

addisonian crisis

Front 29

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) from the adrenal gland, resulting in deficiency of the steroid hormones. The condition is fatal if left untreated

Back 29

Addison's disease

Front 30

The surgical removal of an adrenal gland. Lifelong replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is necessary with a bilateral adrenalectomy. Temporary replacement may be necessary for up to 2 years for a unilateral adrenalectomy

Back 30

adrenalectomy

Front 31

A spasm of the facial muscles elicited by tapping the facial nerve just anterior to the ear. The sign is noted in hypocalcemia

Back 31

Chvostek's sign

Front 32

A condition resulting from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

Back 32

Cushing's syndrome

Front 33

A nocturnal release of growth hormone, which may cause blood glucose elevations before breakfast. Treatment includes administering an evening dose of intermediate-acting insulin at 10pm

Back 33

dawn phenomenon