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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bacteriostatic
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inhibits growth or reproduction
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bacteriocidal
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causes cellular death
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actions of antibiotics
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inhibits synthesis of the cell wall, interferes or or inhibits protein synthesis, interferes w/ cell membrane permeability, interferes w/ cellular metabolism
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side effects of antibiotics
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N
D Superinfection |
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nursing implications for antibiotics
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draw c/s prior to starting antibiotics
begin antibiotics after c/s is drawn pre-op and post-op antibiotics are usually administered IV in the hospital |
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Aminopencillins (Ampicillin)
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D
R Yeast infection |
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nurs. implication for ampicillin
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assess allergy to penicillin
ampicillin IM or IV administered w/n 1 hr of reconstition aassess for diarrhea, WBC if ordered |
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aminoglycosides
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gentamicin, tobramycin
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gentamicin, tobramycin
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exact dose meds- must be given at the exact time ordered
Peak/trough levels done after 3rd dose trough before dose peak at 30 min after dose give penicillin 1 hr before aminoglycosides |
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cephalosporins
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ancef, rocephin
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ancef
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1st generation- effective-gram positive cocci
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rocephin
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3rd gen-gram negative bacteria
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fluorquinolones
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tequin
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tequin side effects
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Abdominal pain
N D Headache Yeast infection |
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vancomycin given for?
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MRSA
side effects are nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity-liver and ear |
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antiemetic (phenothiazines)
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phenergan, compazine
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5-HT3 antagonists
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anzemet, zofran
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other antiemetics
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vistaril-IM only
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side effects for antiemetics-
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drowsiness, dizziness, sedation
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phenergan IM
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administer deep-may cause tissue necrosis
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phenergan IV
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administer slowly over 1 minute for q 25 mg or mix w/ IV fluid and hang as a secondary infusion.
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metaclopramide
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reglan
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reglan
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stimulate motility of the upper GI tract and accelerate gastric emptying.
use safety precautions |
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scopolamine
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patch
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antiemetic patch
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reduce nausea/vomiting, preop amnesia, decrease secretions-use safety precautions
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anticholingergic
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atropine (increases heart rate)robinul-given to children
use safety precautions |
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side effects for atropine and robinul
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tachycardia and urinary hesitancy, flushing of the face--assess voiding q 4 hrs palpate if unable to void....
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analgesics
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releive pain-binds to opiate recptors in the CNS
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side effects of analgesics
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resp depression, hypotension, constipation, nausea/ vomiting, urinary retention
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opiod meds
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morphine, meperidine HCL (demerol), fentanyl, oxycodone-percocet weith acetaminophen, codeine, vicodan, lortab(hydrocodone)
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antidote for opiods
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naloxone (narcan)
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opiod antagonist
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butorphanol (stadol)- best pain management for women in labor- binds to opiate receptors- may result in opiod withdrawal-
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Butorphanol
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stadol
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stadol side effects
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confusion, sedation, floating feeling, nausea
use safety precautions assess for drug abuse and analgesic history- can cause withdrawal |
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NSAIDS
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Torodol, motrin
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ketoralac
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torodol (oral, IM, IV)
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ibuprofen
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motrin(oral)
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side effects of NSAIDS
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dyspepsia-GI upset, GI bleed with short term torodol, long term motrin-
Cannot take torodol for more than 5 days. oral forms take with full glass of water and sit upright for 30 minutes use safety precautions |
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sedative
Benzodiazepine |
versed, xanax
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versed
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preop sedation and amnesia effect
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xanax
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preop sedation and decrease anxiety
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xanax-
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may take for AM surgery w/ sip of water
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versed
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will decrease mental recall, monitor V.S throughout IV administration
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antidote for versed, xanax, (benzodiazepine)
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Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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alkalinizing agent
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bicitra (sodium Citrate)
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bicitra
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neutralizing buffer
side effect is nausea |
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spinal is placed?
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placed in sub arachnoid space
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Give __________ of IV fluid before administering spinal.
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Bolus
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Position ______ or _______ for spinal
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sitting or sidelying
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side effects of spinal?
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hypotension, headache, urinary retention
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why does spinal cause headaches?
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due to leakage of CSF-
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when does headache after spinal usually occur
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w/n the first 24 hrs
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how do you treat a spinal headache?
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lie flat, increave IV fluids or oral fluids, blood patch to seal the hole in the dura in serious cases
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how to prevent hypotension during a spinal anesthetic
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prevent with adequate hydration and frequent assessment of BP.
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epidural side effects
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hypotension, pruritis, urinary retention
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how to treat hypotension?
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increase IV fluids and lie flat w/ legs elevated or in trendelenburg position
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should client have a headache with epidural?
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no, if headache occurs, report it to the MD.
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conscious sedation
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benzodiazepine and opiods used alone or in combination to produce sedation
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benzodiazepine side effects
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decrease BP and increase heart rate
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