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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Middle Ages
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an era following the Roman Empire 500-1500 CE
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the Franks
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the most powerful kingdom of medieval times
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Clovis
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the first Frankish chief to accept Christianity
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Benedict
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monk that established strict, practical laws for monasteries
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Pope Gregory
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first powerful pope - mixed church and state
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Christendom
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the state of Christ - an area where Christianity was the main religion
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major domo
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the mayor of the palace - prime minister like figure
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Charles Martel
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Frankish major domo - defeated Muslims and saved Christianity/Western Europe
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Battle of Tours
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the battle between Charles Martel and the Muslim warriors - 732
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Carolingian dynasty
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the family that ruled the Frankish empire for a long period of time
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Pepin the Short
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defended the pope from invaders - crowned king of Italy and gave the pope the Papal States
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Charlemagne
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reunited Western Europe under his power - crowned Roman emperor by the pope
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Treaty of Verdun
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split the empire into three different parts and introduced new ways of ruling - Charlemagne's sons
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feudalism
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a system that depended on loyalty and alliances - whoever had the most land had the most power
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the Northmen
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the vikings that invaded and influenced Europe
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fiefs
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land that was given by lords to knights who protected the estate in return
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serfs
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essentially slaves that worked for lords in exchange for food and shelter - a type of peasant
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manorialism
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the economic system within a lord's manor - self-sufficient depended on knights and serfs
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tithe
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the taxes that the church had on the people - caused conflicts between church and state
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chivalry
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a code for knights which required them to be loyal to their lord and God, the had to be brave and courteous
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The Song of Roland
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a song about the knights that fought the Muslims invaders - showed the ideal knight
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troubadors
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poets and musicians that traveled from court to court to manors and castles
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
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most famous, wealthy medieval woman - gave birth to three future kings
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Pope Gelasius 1
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recognized that conflicts would arise between church and state - told them to separate and stick to what they know
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clergy
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the people of the church - bishops, priests, the pope
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sacraments
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religious ceremonies such as communions and baptisms on the way to being saved
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canon law
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the laws that the church had regarding religious ceremonies - weddings
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excommunication
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when one can no longer reach salvation and is cut off from the church and it's sacraments
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the Holy Roman Empire
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established in the 10th century - mainly in modern day Germany and France
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Otto 1
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allied with the pope and was named emperor - created the Holy Roman Empire and eventually gained too much power to be tolerated by the Italians and the church
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Pope Gregory VII
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pope during the time of the Holy Roman Empire - banned lay investiture and excommunicated Henry IV
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lay investiture
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people who are not in the clergy (lay) elected the bishops who had power and influence on the pope - emperor mainly chose these bishops
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Henry IV
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furious about the banning of lay investiture - ordered Pope Gregory to step down from power and was excommunicated - begged for readmittance
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Concordat of Worms
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the compromise between church and state - the church elected bishops but the emperor had veto power - 1122
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Fredrick I
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had a harsh and brutal way of ruling - known for his red beard - wanted to unite the Holy Roman Empire but instead cause conflicts with Italy and the church
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Battle of Legnano
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the battle between the Lombard League and the German army - LL was outnumbered and only had foot soldiers but won the battle - 1176
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