Medical Terminology Test 5

Front 1

cancellous (spongy) bone

Back 1

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone

Front 2

endosteum

Back 2

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

Front 3

yellow marrow

Back 3

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

Front 4

lamina

Back 4

part of the vertebral arch

Front 5

pelvic (hip) bone

Back 5

made up of 3 bones fused together:
ischium - part we sit on
ilium - wings
pubis - anterior portion

Front 6

articular cartilage

Back 6

smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints

Front 7

meniscus

Back 7

crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee

Front 8

pubic symphysis

Back 8

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

Front 9

synovia

Back 9

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities

Front 10

aponeurosis

Back 10

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

Front 11

rachi/o

Back 11

spine, vertebral column

Front 12

ankyl/o

Back 12

crooked, stiff, bent

Front 13

kinesi/o

Back 13

movement, motion

Front 14

kyph/o

Back 14

hump

Front 15

petr/o

Back 15

stone

Front 16

-desis

Back 16

surgical fixation, fusion

Front 17

-physis

Back 17

growth

Front 18

-schisis

Back 18

split, fissure (usually skull)

Front 19

ankylosis

Back 19

abnormal condition of stiffness (often means fixation of a joint)

Front 20

kyphosis

Back 20

abnormal condition of a hump (aka humpback)

Front 21

rachischisis

Back 21

fissure of the vertebral column (aka spina bifida)

Front 22

spondylosis

Back 22

abnormal condition of the vertebra (general term used to describe changes from OA or ankylosis)

Front 23

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 23

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and that eventually causes a forward bend of the spine (aka Stumpell-Marie arthritis or rheumatoid spondylitis)

Front 24

exostosis

Back 24

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (aka a spur)

Front 25

Lyme disease

Back 25

bacterial infection carried by deer ticks.

symptoms: rash, flu symptoms

untreated: can mimic musculoskeletal diseases

Front 26

MD

Back 26

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

Front 27

MG

Back 27

myasthenia gravis

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness & thought to be caused by a defect in nerve transmissions to muscle cells

affects face, larynx & throat

Front 28

arthrodesis

Back 28

surgical fixation of a joint (aka joint fusion)

Front 29

spondylosyndesis

Back 29

fusin together of the vertebrae (spinal fusion)

Front 30

EMG

Back 30

electromyogram

record of the intrinsic electrical activity in a skeletal muscle

Front 31

bradykinesia

Back 31

slow movement

Front 32

chiropractic

Back 32

system of therapy that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

Front 33

orthotics

Back 33

making and fitting of orthopedic appliances (arch supports or others to align, prevent or correct deformities)

Front 34

osteopath

Back 34

physician who specializes in osteopathy

Front 35

cerebrum

Back 35

largest part of the brain, divided into R & L hemispheres

controls muscles, deals w/ senses & has sites for hearing, seeing, intellect, memory & emotions

Front 36

ventricles

Back 36

spaces within the brain that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid, which flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain & spinal cord

Front 37

cerebellum

Back 37

aka the hindbrain

under the posterior portion of the cerebrum

assists in balance and the coordination of skeletal muscles

Front 38

brainstem

Back 38

stemlike portion of the brain that connects w/ the spinal cord

Front 39

pons

Back 39

literally means bridge

connects cerebrum w/ the cerebellum & brainstem

Front 40

medulla oblongata

Back 40

btw the pons and spinal cord

controls involuntary muscles & respiration

Front 41

midbrain

Back 41

most superior portion of the brainstem

Front 42

CSF

Back 42

cerebrospinal fluid

clear, colorless fluid contained in ventricles

cushions the brain & spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients & clears metabolic wastes

Front 43

meninges

Back 43

3 layers of membrane that cover the brain & spinal cord:

dura mater - outer
arachnoid - delicate middle
pia mater - thin inner layer

Front 44

nerve

Back 44

cordlike structure that carries impulses thru the body

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves

Front 45

ganglion

Back 45

group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system

Front 46

glia

Back 46

cells that form support & nourish nervous tissue

Front 47

neuron

Back 47

conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system

destroyed neurons cannot be replaced

Front 48

dur/o

Back 48

hard, dura mater

Front 49

encephal/o

Back 49

brain

Front 50

myel/o

Back 50

spinal cord

Front 51

neur/o

Back 51

nerve

Front 52

radic/o
radicul/o
rhiz/o

Back 52

nerve root

Front 53

esthesi/o

Back 53

sensation, sensitivity, feeling

Front 54

phas/o

Back 54

speech

Front 55

poli/o

Back 55

gray matter

Front 56

-ictal

Back 56

seizure, attack

Front 57

-paresis

Back 57

slight paralysis

Front 58

cerebral thrombosis

Back 58

pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot

a type of ischemic stroke

Front 59

encephalitis

Back 59

inflammation of the brain

Front 60

encephalomyeloradiculitis

Back 60

inflammation of the brain, spinal cord & nerve roots

Front 61

glioblastoma

Back 61

tumor composed of developing glial tissue

most malignant & most common primary tumor of the brain

Front 62

meningocele

Back 62

protrusion of the meninges (through a defect in a skull or vertebral column)

Front 63

neuralgia

Back 63

pain in a nerve

Front 64

neurasthenia

Back 64

nerve weakness

Front 65

neuritis

Back 65

inflammation of a nerve

Front 66

PNS

Back 66

peripheral nervous system

Front 67

neuroma

Back 67

tumor made up of nerve (cells)

Front 68

neuropathy

Back 68

disease of the nerves (peripheral)

Front 69

poliomyelitis

Back 69

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Front 70

polyneuritis

Back 70

inflammation of many nerves

Front 71

subdural hematoma

Back 71

pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood

Front 72

AD

Back 72

Alzheimer disease

Front 73

ALS

Back 73

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig Disease)

progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of the nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord

Front 74

Bell Palsy

Back 74

paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition

sagging mouth & eyelid

Front 75

cerebral aneurysm

Back 75

aneurysm in the cerebrum

Front 76

cerebral embolism

Back 76

an embolus lodges in cerebral artery, blocking blood to brain

common cause: atrial fibrillation

Front 77

CP

Back 77

cerebral palsy

cdn w/ lack of muscle control, partial paralysis

caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after

Front 78

dementia

Back 78

loss of intellectual brain function

several causes, not part of normal aging

Front 79

hydrocephalus

Back 79

increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the centricles of the brain

can cause anlargement of the cranium in infants

Front 80

MS

Back 80

multiple sclerosis

Front 81

PD

Back 81

Parkinson Disease

chronic degeneration of CNS

Front 82

sciatica

Back 82

inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain from the thigh through to the foot and toes

Front 83

shingles

Back 83

aka herpes zoster

Front 84

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Back 84

bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills w/ blood

Front 85

TIA

Back 85

transient ischemic attack

sudden deficient blood supply to the brain (short time)

usually a full recovery